Loren G Rabinowitz1,2, Haley M Zylberberg1,2, Alan Levinovitz3, Melissa S Stockwell4,5, Peter H R Green1,2, Benjamin Lebwohl6,7,8. 1. Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. 2. The Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, Suite 936, New York, NY, 10032, USA. 3. Department of Philosophy and Religion, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA. 4. Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. 5. Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. 6. Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. BL114@columbia.edu. 7. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. BL114@columbia.edu. 8. The Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, Suite 936, New York, NY, 10032, USA. BL114@columbia.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There has been a marked increase in the adoption of the gluten-free (GF) diet. AIMS: To query individuals with celiac disease (CD) and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) on their beliefs toward the health effects of gluten, and safety of vaccines and GF food products. METHODS: We distributed a Web-based survey to individuals with CD and NCGS on a CD center e-mail list. We used univariate and multivariate analysis to compare responses of respondents with CD and NCGS. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 27% (NCGS n = 217, CD n = 1291). Subjects with NCGS were more likely than those with CD to disagree with the statement that "vaccines are safe for people with celiac disease" (NCGS 41.3% vs. CD 26.4% (p < 0.0001), and were more likely to decline vaccination when offered (30.9 vs. 24.2%, p = 0.007). After adjusting for age and gender, NCGS subjects were more likely than CD subjects to avoid genetically modified (GMO) foods (aOR 2.30; 95% CI 1.71-3.10), eat only organic products (aOR 2.87; 95% CI 2.04-4.03), believe that the FDA is an unreliable source of information (aOR 1.82, 95% CI 1.26-2.64), and believe a GF diet improves energy and concentration (aOR 2.52; 95% CI 1.86-3.43). CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with NCGS were more likely than those with CD to have doubts about vaccine safety and believe in the value of non-GMO and organic foods. Our findings suggest that the lack of reliable information on gluten and its content in food and medications may reinforce beliefs that result in a detriment to public health.
BACKGROUND: There has been a marked increase in the adoption of the gluten-free (GF) diet. AIMS: To query individuals with celiac disease (CD) and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) on their beliefs toward the health effects of gluten, and safety of vaccines and GF food products. METHODS: We distributed a Web-based survey to individuals with CD and NCGS on a CD center e-mail list. We used univariate and multivariate analysis to compare responses of respondents with CD and NCGS. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 27% (NCGS n = 217, CD n = 1291). Subjects with NCGS were more likely than those with CD to disagree with the statement that "vaccines are safe for people with celiac disease" (NCGS 41.3% vs. CD 26.4% (p < 0.0001), and were more likely to decline vaccination when offered (30.9 vs. 24.2%, p = 0.007). After adjusting for age and gender, NCGS subjects were more likely than CD subjects to avoid genetically modified (GMO) foods (aOR 2.30; 95% CI 1.71-3.10), eat only organic products (aOR 2.87; 95% CI 2.04-4.03), believe that the FDA is an unreliable source of information (aOR 1.82, 95% CI 1.26-2.64), and believe a GF diet improves energy and concentration (aOR 2.52; 95% CI 1.86-3.43). CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with NCGS were more likely than those with CD to have doubts about vaccine safety and believe in the value of non-GMO and organic foods. Our findings suggest that the lack of reliable information on gluten and its content in food and medications may reinforce beliefs that result in a detriment to public health.
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