OBJECTIVE: In contrast to coeliac disease (CD), the mechanism behind non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is unclear. The aims of the study were to measure the presence of somatization, personality traits, anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life in NCGS individuals compared with CD patients and healthy controls, and to compare the response to gluten challenge between NCGS and CD patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 22 CD patients and 31 HLA-DQ2+ NCGS patients without CD, all on a gluten-free diet. All but five CD patients were challenged orally for 3 days with gluten; symptom registration was performed during challenge. A comparison group of 40 healthy controls was included. Patients and healthy controls completed questionnaires regarding anxiety, depression, neuroticism and lie, hostility and aggression, alexithymia and health locus of control, physical complaints, and health-related quality of life. RESULTS: The NCGS patients reported more abdominal (p = 0.01) and non-abdominal (p < 0.01) symptoms after gluten challenge than CD patients. There were no significant differences between CD and NCGS patients regarding personality traits, level of somatization, quality of life, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The somatization level was low in CD and NCGS groups. Symptom increase after gluten challenge was not related to personality in NCGS patients. CONCLUSIONS: NCGS patients did not exhibit a tendency for general somatization. Personality and quality of life did not differ between NCGS and CD patients, and were mostly at the same level as in healthy controls. NCGS patients reported more symptoms than CD patients after gluten challenge.
OBJECTIVE: In contrast to coeliac disease (CD), the mechanism behind non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is unclear. The aims of the study were to measure the presence of somatization, personality traits, anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life in NCGS individuals compared with CDpatients and healthy controls, and to compare the response to gluten challenge between NCGS and CDpatients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 22 CDpatients and 31 HLA-DQ2+ NCGS patients without CD, all on a gluten-free diet. All but five CDpatients were challenged orally for 3 days with gluten; symptom registration was performed during challenge. A comparison group of 40 healthy controls was included. Patients and healthy controls completed questionnaires regarding anxiety, depression, neuroticism and lie, hostility and aggression, alexithymia and health locus of control, physical complaints, and health-related quality of life. RESULTS: The NCGS patients reported more abdominal (p = 0.01) and non-abdominal (p < 0.01) symptoms after gluten challenge than CDpatients. There were no significant differences between CD and NCGS patients regarding personality traits, level of somatization, quality of life, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The somatization level was low in CD and NCGS groups. Symptom increase after gluten challenge was not related to personality in NCGS patients. CONCLUSIONS: NCGS patients did not exhibit a tendency for general somatization. Personality and quality of life did not differ between NCGS and CDpatients, and were mostly at the same level as in healthy controls. NCGS patients reported more symptoms than CDpatients after gluten challenge.
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Authors: Anna Tavakkoli; Suzanne K Lewis; Christina A Tennyson; Benjamin Lebwohl; Peter H R Green Journal: Dig Dis Sci Date: 2013-12-28 Impact factor: 3.199
Authors: Carlo Catassi; Julio C Bai; Bruno Bonaz; Gerd Bouma; Antonio Calabrò; Antonio Carroccio; Gemma Castillejo; Carolina Ciacci; Fernanda Cristofori; Jernej Dolinsek; Ruggiero Francavilla; Luca Elli; Peter Green; Wolfgang Holtmeier; Peter Koehler; Sibylle Koletzko; Christof Meinhold; David Sanders; Michael Schumann; Detlef Schuppan; Reiner Ullrich; Andreas Vécsei; Umberto Volta; Victor Zevallos; Anna Sapone; Alessio Fasano Journal: Nutrients Date: 2013-09-26 Impact factor: 5.717