Chika Horikawa1,2, Chiemi Kamada3, Shiro Tanaka4, Sachiko Tanaka5, Atsushi Araki6, Hideki Ito6, Satoshi Matsunaga2, Kazuya Fujihara2, Yukio Yoshimura3, Yasuo Ohashi7, Yasuo Akanuma8, Hirohito Sone9. 1. Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Niigata Prefecture Faculty of Human Life Studies, 471 Ebigase, Higashi-ku, Niigata, 950-8680, Japan. 2. Department of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuoh-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan. 3. Training Department of Administrative Dietitians, Shikoku University, 123-1 Ebisuno, Furukawa, Ojin-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 771-1151, Japan. 4. Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. 5. Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Sihga, 520-2192, Japan. 6. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan. 7. Department of Integrated Science and Engineering of Sustainable Society, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan. 8. The Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, 2-2-6 Nihonbashibakurocho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0002, Japan. 9. Department of Hematology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuoh-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan. sone@med.niigata-u.ac.jp.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Excessive meat intake has been researched as a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among healthy adults, but data on this topic in Asian patients with diabetes are sparse. The quantity and variety of available meats vary widely between Asian and Western countries. As part of a nationwide cohort study we investigated the relationship between meat intake and incidence of CVD in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40-70 years with HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. METHODS: Analyzed were 1353 responders to a baseline dietary survey assessed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire based on food groups. Primary outcome was the 8-year risk of a CVD event, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Cox regression analyses estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for dietary intake adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, HbA1c, smoking, energy intake, and other confounders. RESULTS: Mean meat intake in quartiles ranged from 9.9 to 97.7 g/day. After adjusting for confounders, HRs of CHD in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles for meat intake compared with the 1st quartile were 2.84 (95% confidence interval 1.29-6.24, p = 0.01), 3.02 (1.36-6.70, p < 0.01), and 2.99 (1.35-6.65, p = 0.01), respectively. In two groups according to meat intake, patients consuming ≥ 20 g/day of meat had a 2.94-fold higher risk of CHD than those consuming < 20 g/day (p < 0.01). There was no significant association of stroke with meat intake. CONCLUSIONS: An elevated incidence of CHD in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes was associated with high meat intake.
PURPOSE: Excessive meat intake has been researched as a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among healthy adults, but data on this topic in Asian patients with diabetes are sparse. The quantity and variety of available meats vary widely between Asian and Western countries. As part of a nationwide cohort study we investigated the relationship between meat intake and incidence of CVD in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40-70 years with HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. METHODS: Analyzed were 1353 responders to a baseline dietary survey assessed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire based on food groups. Primary outcome was the 8-year risk of a CVD event, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Cox regression analyses estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for dietary intake adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, HbA1c, smoking, energy intake, and other confounders. RESULTS: Mean meat intake in quartiles ranged from 9.9 to 97.7 g/day. After adjusting for confounders, HRs of CHD in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles for meat intake compared with the 1st quartile were 2.84 (95% confidence interval 1.29-6.24, p = 0.01), 3.02 (1.36-6.70, p < 0.01), and 2.99 (1.35-6.65, p = 0.01), respectively. In two groups according to meat intake, patients consuming ≥ 20 g/day of meat had a 2.94-fold higher risk of CHD than those consuming < 20 g/day (p < 0.01). There was no significant association of stroke with meat intake. CONCLUSIONS: An elevated incidence of CHD in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes was associated with high meat intake.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cardiovascular disease; Meat intake; Medical nutrition therapy; Type 2 diabetes
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