OBJECTIVE: Given neuroimaging evidences of overlap in the circuitries for decision-making and olfactory processing, we examined the hypothesis that impairment in psychophysical tasks of olfaction would independently predict poor performances on Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a laboratory task that closely mimics real-life decision-making, in a US cohort of HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals. METHOD: IGT and psychophysical tasks of olfaction were administered to a Washington DC-based cohort of largely African American HIV+ subjects (N=100), and to a small number of demographically-matched non-HIV healthy controls (N=43) from a different study. Constructs of olfactory ability and decision-making were examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Structural equation models (SEMs) were used to evaluate the validity of the path relationship between these two constructs. RESULT: The 100 HIV+ participants (56% female; 96% African Americans; median age = 48 years) had median CD4 count of 576 cells/μl and median HIV RNA viral load <48 copies per milliliter. Majority of HIV+ participants performed randomly throughout the course of IGT tasks, and failed to demonstrate a learning curve. Confirmatory factor analysis provided support for a unidimensional factor underlying poor performances on IGT. Nomological validity for correlations between olfactory ability and IGT performance was confirmed through SEM. Finally, factor scores of olfactory ability and IGT performance strongly predicted 6 months history of drug use, while olfaction additionally predicted hallucinogen use. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that combination of simple, office-based tasks of olfaction and decision-making may identify those HIV+ individuals who are more prone to risky decision-making. This finding may have significant clinical, public health value if joint impairments in olfaction and IGT task correlates with more decreased activity in brain regions relevant to decision-making.
OBJECTIVE: Given neuroimaging evidences of overlap in the circuitries for decision-making and olfactory processing, we examined the hypothesis that impairment in psychophysical tasks of olfaction would independently predict poor performances on Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a laboratory task that closely mimics real-life decision-making, in a US cohort of HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals. METHOD: IGT and psychophysical tasks of olfaction were administered to a Washington DC-based cohort of largely African American HIV+ subjects (N=100), and to a small number of demographically-matched non-HIV healthy controls (N=43) from a different study. Constructs of olfactory ability and decision-making were examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Structural equation models (SEMs) were used to evaluate the validity of the path relationship between these two constructs. RESULT: The 100 HIV+ participants (56% female; 96% African Americans; median age = 48 years) had median CD4 count of 576 cells/μl and median HIV RNA viral load <48 copies per milliliter. Majority of HIV+ participants performed randomly throughout the course of IGT tasks, and failed to demonstrate a learning curve. Confirmatory factor analysis provided support for a unidimensional factor underlying poor performances on IGT. Nomological validity for correlations between olfactory ability and IGT performance was confirmed through SEM. Finally, factor scores of olfactory ability and IGT performance strongly predicted 6 months history of drug use, while olfaction additionally predicted hallucinogen use. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that combination of simple, office-based tasks of olfaction and decision-making may identify those HIV+ individuals who are more prone to risky decision-making. This finding may have significant clinical, public health value if joint impairments in olfaction and IGT task correlates with more decreased activity in brain regions relevant to decision-making.
Authors: Nicole Crepaz; Malu V Tungol-Ashmon; Darrel H Higa; Waverly Vosburgh; Mary M Mullins; Terrika Barham; Adebukola Adegbite; Julia B DeLuca; Theresa A Sipe; Christina M White; Brittney N Baack; Cynthia M Lyles Journal: AIDS Date: 2014-03-13 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Soumya Narayan; Charlee McLean; Akira Sawa; Sandra Y Lin; Narayan Rai; MariaMananita S Hipolito; Nicola Cascella; John J I Nurnberger; Koko Ishizuka; Evaristus A Nwulia Journal: J Vis Exp Date: 2014-12-04 Impact factor: 1.355
Authors: Lindsay P Bodell; Pamela K Keel; Michael C Brumm; Ashley Akubuiro; Joseph Caballero; Daniel Tranel; Brendan Hodis; Laurie M McCormick Journal: J Psychiatr Res Date: 2014-06-04 Impact factor: 4.791
Authors: Narayan Rai; Maria Mananita Hipolito; John W VanMeter; Riya Seth; Ayokunnumi Adenuga; Myeshia Shelby; Magdalena Misiak-Christian; Charles Nwaokobia; Kebreten F Manaye; Thomas O Obisesan; Evaristus Nwulia Journal: Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat Date: 2021-04-30 Impact factor: 2.570
Authors: Sara R Nass; Arianna R S Lark; Yun K Hahn; Virginia D McLane; Therese M Ihrig; Liangru Contois; T Celeste Napier; Pamela E Knapp; Kurt F Hauser Journal: Horm Behav Date: 2021-06-23 Impact factor: 3.492