Sothinathan Gurunathan1,2,3, Roxy Senior4,5,6. 1. Department of Cardiology, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK. 2. Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK. 3. Biomedical Research Unit National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK. 4. Department of Cardiology, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK. roxysenior@cardiac-research.org. 5. Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK. roxysenior@cardiac-research.org. 6. Biomedical Research Unit National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK. roxysenior@cardiac-research.org.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Stress echocardiography (SE) is a well-established technique for the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). This review article summarizes the status of SE in CAD, including testing protocols, clinical efficacy and current use of newer technologies: myocardial perfusion, strain imaging, three-dimensional echocardiography and adjunctive carotid ultrasonography. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent major findings in SE include the clinical value of myocardial perfusion imaging in multicentre studies, as well as when added to left ventricular (LV) wall motion assessment in clinical service. Additionally, SE has been shown to be more cost-effective than exercise ECG in patients with low-intermediate pre-test probability of CAD. Adjunctive atherosclerosis imaging by carotid ultrasonography (CU) to ischaemia testing by SE provides synergistic prognostic value, equivalent to hybrid imaging by PET-CT. Despite the development of newer and more expensive imaging modalities, SE remains the cornerstone for the assessment of CAD and has excellent clinical efficacy, is safe and is cost-effective.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Stress echocardiography (SE) is a well-established technique for the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). This review article summarizes the status of SE in CAD, including testing protocols, clinical efficacy and current use of newer technologies: myocardial perfusion, strain imaging, three-dimensional echocardiography and adjunctive carotid ultrasonography. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent major findings in SE include the clinical value of myocardial perfusion imaging in multicentre studies, as well as when added to left ventricular (LV) wall motion assessment in clinical service. Additionally, SE has been shown to be more cost-effective than exercise ECG in patients with low-intermediate pre-test probability of CAD. Adjunctive atherosclerosis imaging by carotid ultrasonography (CU) to ischaemia testing by SE provides synergistic prognostic value, equivalent to hybrid imaging by PET-CT. Despite the development of newer and more expensive imaging modalities, SE remains the cornerstone for the assessment of CAD and has excellent clinical efficacy, is safe and is cost-effective.
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