PURPOSE: This article presents the implementation and assessment of photon-counting dual-energy x-ray detector technology for angiographic C-arm systems in interventional radiology. METHODS: A photon-counting detector was successfully integrated into a clinical C-arm CT system. Detector performance was assessed using image uniformity metrics in both 2D projections and 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Uniform exposure fields were acquired to analyze projection images and scans of a homogeneous cylinder phantom were taken to analyze 3D reconstructions. Image uniformity was assessed over a broad range of imaging parameters. RESULTS: Detector calibration greatly improved image uniformity, reducing image variation from 8.8% to 0.5% in an ideal scenario, but image uniformity degraded when imaging parameters varied strongly from values set at calibration: the tube voltage, low-high energy threshhold, and tube current had the greatest impact. Material discrimination and dynamic angiography capabilities were successfully demonstrated in separate phantom and in vivo experiments. CONCLUSION: The uniformity results identified major factors degrading image quality. The quantitative results will guide selection of calibration points to mitigate the loss of uniformity. The unique combination of dual-energy and fluoroscopy imaging capabilities with a flat-panel photon-counting detector may enable new applications in interventional radiology.
PURPOSE: This article presents the implementation and assessment of photon-counting dual-energy x-ray detector technology for angiographic C-arm systems in interventional radiology. METHODS: A photon-counting detector was successfully integrated into a clinical C-arm CT system. Detector performance was assessed using image uniformity metrics in both 2D projections and 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Uniform exposure fields were acquired to analyze projection images and scans of a homogeneous cylinder phantom were taken to analyze 3D reconstructions. Image uniformity was assessed over a broad range of imaging parameters. RESULTS: Detector calibration greatly improved image uniformity, reducing image variation from 8.8% to 0.5% in an ideal scenario, but image uniformity degraded when imaging parameters varied strongly from values set at calibration: the tube voltage, low-high energy threshhold, and tube current had the greatest impact. Material discrimination and dynamic angiography capabilities were successfully demonstrated in separate phantom and in vivo experiments. CONCLUSION: The uniformity results identified major factors degrading image quality. The quantitative results will guide selection of calibration points to mitigate the loss of uniformity. The unique combination of dual-energy and fluoroscopy imaging capabilities with a flat-panel photon-counting detector may enable new applications in interventional radiology.
Authors: Marco Mueller; Per Poulsen; Rune Hansen; Wilko Verbakel; Ross Berbeco; Dianne Ferguson; Shinichiro Mori; Lei Ren; John C Roeske; Lei Wang; Pengpeng Zhang; Paul Keall Journal: Med Phys Date: 2021-12-29 Impact factor: 4.071
Authors: Shailaja Sajja; Young Lee; Markus Eriksson; Håkan Nordström; Arjun Sahgal; Masoud Hashemi; James G Mainprize; Mark Ruschin Journal: Adv Radiat Oncol Date: 2019-07-30