Maarten R Prins1,2,3, Mariëtte Griffioen4, Thom T J Veeger4, Henri Kiers5, Onno G Meijer4,6, Peter van der Wurff7,5, Sjoerd M Bruijn4,6, Jaap H van Dieën4. 1. Research and Development, Military Rehabilitation Centre 'Aardenburg', Doorn, The Netherlands. MR.Prins@MRCDoorn.nl. 2. Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. MR.Prins@MRCDoorn.nl. 3. Institute for Human Movement Studies, HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. MR.Prins@MRCDoorn.nl. 4. Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 5. Institute for Human Movement Studies, HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 6. Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China. 7. Research and Development, Military Rehabilitation Centre 'Aardenburg', Doorn, The Netherlands.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review was to assess whether LBP patients demonstrate signs of splinting by evaluating the reactions to unexpected mechanical perturbations in terms of (1) trunk muscle activity, (2) kinetic and (3) kinematic trunk responses and (4) estimated mechanical properties of the trunk. METHODS: The literature was systematically reviewed to identify studies that compared responses to mechanical trunk perturbations between LBP patients and healthy controls in terms of muscle activation, kinematics, kinetics, and/or mechanical properties. If more than four studies reported an outcome, the results of these studies were pooled. RESULTS: Nineteen studies were included, of which sixteen reported muscle activation, five kinematic responses, two kinetic responses, and two estimated mechanical trunk properties. We found evidence of a longer response time of muscle activation, which would be in line with splinting behaviour in LBP. No signs of splinting behaviour were found in any of the other outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that there is currently no convincing evidence for the presence of splinting behaviour in LBP patients, because we found no indications for splinting in terms of kinetic and kinematic responses to perturbation and derived mechanical properties of the trunk. Consistent evidence on delayed onsets of muscle activation in response to perturbations was found, but this may have other causes than splinting behaviour.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review was to assess whether LBPpatients demonstrate signs of splinting by evaluating the reactions to unexpected mechanical perturbations in terms of (1) trunk muscle activity, (2) kinetic and (3) kinematic trunk responses and (4) estimated mechanical properties of the trunk. METHODS: The literature was systematically reviewed to identify studies that compared responses to mechanical trunk perturbations between LBPpatients and healthy controls in terms of muscle activation, kinematics, kinetics, and/or mechanical properties. If more than four studies reported an outcome, the results of these studies were pooled. RESULTS: Nineteen studies were included, of which sixteen reported muscle activation, five kinematic responses, two kinetic responses, and two estimated mechanical trunk properties. We found evidence of a longer response time of muscle activation, which would be in line with splinting behaviour in LBP. No signs of splinting behaviour were found in any of the other outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that there is currently no convincing evidence for the presence of splinting behaviour in LBPpatients, because we found no indications for splinting in terms of kinetic and kinematic responses to perturbation and derived mechanical properties of the trunk. Consistent evidence on delayed onsets of muscle activation in response to perturbations was found, but this may have other causes than splinting behaviour.
Entities:
Keywords:
Low back pain; Perturbations; Splinting; Stiffness; Trunk
Authors: Trung C Phan; Adrian Pranata; Joshua Farragher; Adam Bryant; Hung T Nguyen; Rifai Chai Journal: Sensors (Basel) Date: 2022-09-04 Impact factor: 3.847