C Álvarez1, R Ramírez-Campillo1, R Ramírez-Vélez2, C Martínez3, M Castro-Sepúlveda4, A Alonso-Martínez5, M Izquierdo5. 1. Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sports, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile. 2. Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. 3. Faculty of Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Physical Education and Recreation, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile. 4. Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile. 5. Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Little evidence exists on which variables of body composition or muscular strength mediates more glucose control improvements taking into account inter-individual metabolic variability to different modes of exercise training. OBJECTIVE: We examined 'mediators' to the effects of 6-weeks of resistance training (RT) or high-intensity interval training (HIT) on glucose control parameters in physically inactive schoolchildren with insulin resistance (IR). Second, we also determined both training-induce changes and the prevalence of responders (R) and non-responders (NR) to decrease the IR level. METHODS: Fifty-six physically inactive children diagnosed with IR followed a RT or supervised HIT program for 6 weeks. Participants were classified based on ΔHOMA-IR into glycemic control R (decrease in homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) <3.0 after intervention) and NRs (no changes or values HOMA-IR⩾3.0 after intervention). The primary outcome was HOMA-IR associated with their mediators; second, the training-induced changes to glucose control parameters; and third the report of R and NR to improve body composition, cardiovascular, metabolic and performance variables. RESULTS: Mediation analysis revealed that improvements (decreases) in abdominal fat by the waist circumference can explain more the effects (decreases) of HOMA-IR in physically inactive schoolchildren under RT or HIT regimes. The same analysis showed that increased one-maximum repetition leg-extension was correlated with the change in HOMA-IR (β=-0.058; P=0.049). Furthermore, a change in the waist circumference fully mediated the dose-response relationship between changes in the leg-extension strength and HOMA-IR (β'=-0.004; P=0.178). RT or HIT were associated with significant improvements in body composition, muscular strength, blood pressure and cardiometabolic parameters irrespective of improvement in glycemic control response. Both glucose control RT-R and HIT-R (respectively), had significant improvements in mean HOMA-IR, mean muscular strength leg-extension and mean measures of adiposity. CONCLUSIONS: The improvements in the lower body strength and the decreases in waist circumference can explain more the effects of the improvements in glucose control of IR schoolchildren in R group after 6 weeks of RT or HIT, showing both regimes similar effects on body composition or muscular strength independent of interindividual metabolic response variability.
BACKGROUND: Little evidence exists on which variables of body composition or muscular strength mediates more glucose control improvements taking into account inter-individual metabolic variability to different modes of exercise training. OBJECTIVE: We examined 'mediators' to the effects of 6-weeks of resistance training (RT) or high-intensity interval training (HIT) on glucose control parameters in physically inactive schoolchildren with insulin resistance (IR). Second, we also determined both training-induce changes and the prevalence of responders (R) and non-responders (NR) to decrease the IR level. METHODS: Fifty-six physically inactive children diagnosed with IR followed a RT or supervised HIT program for 6 weeks. Participants were classified based on ΔHOMA-IR into glycemic control R (decrease in homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) <3.0 after intervention) and NRs (no changes or values HOMA-IR⩾3.0 after intervention). The primary outcome was HOMA-IR associated with their mediators; second, the training-induced changes to glucose control parameters; and third the report of R and NR to improve body composition, cardiovascular, metabolic and performance variables. RESULTS: Mediation analysis revealed that improvements (decreases) in abdominal fat by the waist circumference can explain more the effects (decreases) of HOMA-IR in physically inactive schoolchildren under RT or HIT regimes. The same analysis showed that increased one-maximum repetition leg-extension was correlated with the change in HOMA-IR (β=-0.058; P=0.049). Furthermore, a change in the waist circumference fully mediated the dose-response relationship between changes in the leg-extension strength and HOMA-IR (β'=-0.004; P=0.178). RT or HIT were associated with significant improvements in body composition, muscular strength, blood pressure and cardiometabolic parameters irrespective of improvement in glycemic control response. Both glucose control RT-R and HIT-R (respectively), had significant improvements in mean HOMA-IR, mean muscular strength leg-extension and mean measures of adiposity. CONCLUSIONS: The improvements in the lower body strength and the decreases in waist circumference can explain more the effects of the improvements in glucose control of IR schoolchildren in R group after 6 weeks of RT or HIT, showing both regimes similar effects on body composition or muscular strength independent of interindividual metabolic response variability.
Authors: Thomas Yates; Melanie J Davies; Charlotte Edwardson; Danielle H Bodicoat; Stuart J H Biddle; Kamlesh Khunti Journal: Med Sci Sports Exerc Date: 2014-08 Impact factor: 5.411
Authors: M A Ferguson; B Gutin; N A Le; W Karp; M Litaker; M Humphries; T Okuyama; S Riggs; S Owens Journal: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord Date: 1999-08
Authors: Catherine L Davis; Norman K Pollock; Jennifer L Waller; Jerry D Allison; B Adam Dennis; Reda Bassali; Agustín Meléndez; Colleen A Boyle; Barbara A Gower Journal: JAMA Date: 2012-09-19 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Christina Yfanti; Anders R Nielsen; Thorbjörn Akerström; Søren Nielsen; Adam J Rose; Erik A Richter; Jens Lykkesfeldt; Christian P Fischer; Bente K Pedersen Journal: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Date: 2011-02-15 Impact factor: 4.310
Authors: Paule Barbeau; Maribeth H Johnson; Cheryl A Howe; Jerry Allison; Catherine L Davis; Bernard Gutin; Christian R Lemmon Journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) Date: 2007-08 Impact factor: 5.002
Authors: Ricardo Borges Viana; Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira; João Pedro Araújo Naves; Victor Silveira Coswig; Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio; Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo; Carlos Alexandre Vieira; Paulo Gentil Journal: Sports Med Date: 2018-09 Impact factor: 11.136
Authors: Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo; Cristian Alvarez; Paulo Gentil; Jason Moran; Felipe García-Pinillos; Alicia M Alonso-Martínez; Mikel Izquierdo Journal: Front Physiol Date: 2018-08-20 Impact factor: 4.566