Eric Hahnen1,2, Bianca Lederer3, Jan Hauke1,2, Sibylle Loibl3,4, Sandra Kröber1,2, Andreas Schneeweiss5, Carsten Denkert6, Peter A Fasching7,8, Jens U Blohmer9, Christian Jackisch4, Stefan Paepke10, Bernd Gerber11, Sherko Kümmel12, Christian Schem13, Guido Neidhardt1,2, Jens Huober14, Kerstin Rhiem1,2, Serban Costa15, Janine Altmüller16,17, Claus Hanusch18, Holger Thiele16, Volkmar Müller19, Peter Nürnberg2,16,20, Thomas Karn21, Valentina Nekljudova3, Michael Untch22, Gunter von Minckwitz3, Rita K Schmutzler1,2. 1. Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany. 2. Center for Integrated Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany. 3. German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg, Germany. 4. Brustzentrum, Sana Kliniken Offenbach, Offenbach, Germany. 5. Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. 6. Institute of Pathology, and German Cancer Consortium (Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung), Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 7. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany. 8. Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. 9. Klinik für Gynäkologie mit Brustzentrum der Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. 10. Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Frauenklinik, München, Germany. 11. Frauenklinik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany. 12. Frauenklinik, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany. 13. Frauenklinik, Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany. 14. Frauenklinik, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany. 15. Frauenklinik, Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany. 16. Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. 17. Institute for Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. 18. Frauenklinik, Klinikum zum Roten Kreuz, München, Germany. 19. Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. 20. Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. 21. Frauenklinik, Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany. 22. Helios-Klinikum, Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany.
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: The GeparSixto trial provided evidence that the addition of neoadjuvant carboplatin to a regimen consisting of anthracycline, taxane, and bevacizumab increases pathological complete response (pCR) rates in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Whether BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation status affects treatment outcome remains elusive. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation status affects therapy response in patients with TNBC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial used archived DNA samples and cancer family history of 315 patients with TNBC enrolled between August 1, 2011, and December 31, 2012, in the GeparSixto trial. In all, 291 participants (92.4%) were included in this multicenter prospective investigation. DNA samples were analyzed for germline mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, and 16 other cancer predisposition genes. The pCR rates between the carboplatin and noncarboplatin arms were compared. Genetic analyses were performed at the Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer in Cologne, Germany; data analysis, November 1 through December 31, 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Proportion of patients who achieved pCR and disease-free survival after neoadjuvant treatment according to BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation status. For pCR rates, the ypT0/is ypN0 definition was used as a primary end point. RESULTS: Of the 291 patients with TNBC, all were women; the mean (SD) age was 48 (11) years. The pCR rate in the carboplatin group was 56.8% (83 of 146) and 41.4% (60 of 145) in the noncarboplatin group (odds ratio [OR], 1.87; 95% CI, 1.17-2.97; P = .009). Pathogenic BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations were present in 50 of the 291 patients (17.2%). In the noncarboplatin arm, the pCR rate was 66.7% (16 of 24) for patients with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and 36.4% (44 of 121) for patients without (OR, 3.50; 95% CI, 1.39-8.84; P = .008). The high pCR rate observed in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (16 of 24 [66.7%]) was not increased further by adding carboplatin (17 of 26 [65.4%]). In contrast, carboplatin increased response rates in patients without BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations: 66 of the 120 patients (55%) without BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations achieved pCR in the carboplatin arm vs 44 of the 121 patients (36.4%) in the noncarboplatin arm (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.28-3.58; P = .004). Patients without pathogenic BRCA1 and BRCA2 alterations showed elevated disease-free survival rates when carboplatin was added (without carboplatin, 73.5%; 95% CI, 64.1%-80.8% vs with carboplatin, 85.3%; 95% CI, 77.0%-90.8%; hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.29-0.96; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Under the nonstandard GeparSixto polychemotherapy regimen, patients without BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations benefited from the addition of carboplatin and those with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations showed superior response rates without additive effects observed for carboplatin. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01426880.
IMPORTANCE: The GeparSixto trial provided evidence that the addition of neoadjuvant carboplatin to a regimen consisting of anthracycline, taxane, and bevacizumab increases pathological complete response (pCR) rates in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Whether BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation status affects treatment outcome remains elusive. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation status affects therapy response in patients with TNBC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial used archived DNA samples and cancer family history of 315 patients with TNBC enrolled between August 1, 2011, and December 31, 2012, in the GeparSixto trial. In all, 291 participants (92.4%) were included in this multicenter prospective investigation. DNA samples were analyzed for germline mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, and 16 other cancer predisposition genes. The pCR rates between the carboplatin and noncarboplatin arms were compared. Genetic analyses were performed at the Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer in Cologne, Germany; data analysis, November 1 through December 31, 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Proportion of patients who achieved pCR and disease-free survival after neoadjuvant treatment according to BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation status. For pCR rates, the ypT0/is ypN0 definition was used as a primary end point. RESULTS: Of the 291 patients with TNBC, all were women; the mean (SD) age was 48 (11) years. The pCR rate in the carboplatin group was 56.8% (83 of 146) and 41.4% (60 of 145) in the noncarboplatin group (odds ratio [OR], 1.87; 95% CI, 1.17-2.97; P = .009). Pathogenic BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations were present in 50 of the 291 patients (17.2%). In the noncarboplatin arm, the pCR rate was 66.7% (16 of 24) for patients with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and 36.4% (44 of 121) for patients without (OR, 3.50; 95% CI, 1.39-8.84; P = .008). The high pCR rate observed in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (16 of 24 [66.7%]) was not increased further by adding carboplatin (17 of 26 [65.4%]). In contrast, carboplatin increased response rates in patients without BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations: 66 of the 120 patients (55%) without BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations achieved pCR in the carboplatin arm vs 44 of the 121 patients (36.4%) in the noncarboplatin arm (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.28-3.58; P = .004). Patients without pathogenic BRCA1 and BRCA2 alterations showed elevated disease-free survival rates when carboplatin was added (without carboplatin, 73.5%; 95% CI, 64.1%-80.8% vs with carboplatin, 85.3%; 95% CI, 77.0%-90.8%; hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.29-0.96; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Under the nonstandard GeparSixto polychemotherapy regimen, patients without BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations benefited from the addition of carboplatin and those with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations showed superior response rates without additive effects observed for carboplatin. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01426880.
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