S Giovinazzo1, A Alibrandi2, A Campennì3, F Trimarchi4, R M Ruggeri5. 1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Messina, AOU Policlinico "G. Martino" (Pad H, 4th Floor), Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125, Messina, Italy. salvogiovi@yahoo.it. 2. Department of Economics, Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. 3. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. 4. Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. 5. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University of Messina, AOU Policlinico "G. Martino" (Pad H, 4th Floor), Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125, Messina, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Vitamin D has been associated with metabolic disorders and increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases, with conflicting results. Aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship, if any, between cardio-metabolic risk factors and serum 25(OH)D concentrations in healthy women in premenopausal age. METHODS: We enrolled 200 healthy women, aged 19-50 years (mean age ± SD, 38 ± 11 years). In each subject, we measured serum 25(OH)D in relation to metabolic biomarkers and cardiovascular parameters. RESULTS: A status of vitamin D deficiency was found in 48% of the study population, while 38% showed levels higher than 30 ng/ml. Fasting glucose and insulin levels were significantly higher in subjects with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency (P = 0.034 and P = 0.049, respectively) as well as HOMA-IR (P = 0.05). HDL cholesterol was significantly lower (P = 0.024) and intima-media thickness (IMT) higher (P = 0.014) in the vitamin D deficient/insufficient subjects. Moreover, serum 25(OH)D levels inversely correlated with insulin levels (P = 0.0001) and intima-media thickness (P = 0.015), and directly with serum HDL cholesterol (P = 0.010). At univariate regression analysis, the parameters that were significantly associated with vitamin D levels were insulin (P = 0.050), HDL cholesterol (P = 0.016), and intima-media thickness (P = 0.015). At multivariate analysis adjusted for age and BMI, vitamin D was still significantly associated with HDL cholesterol and intima-media thickness. CONCLUSIONS: A positive association between vitamin D and HDL cholesterol was found in healthy women without any evidence of metabolic disorders, with a significant inverse correlation between vitamin D and IMT. These results suggest a possible protective role of 25(OH)D in cardiovascular disorders.
PURPOSE:Vitamin D has been associated with metabolic disorders and increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases, with conflicting results. Aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship, if any, between cardio-metabolic risk factors and serum 25(OH)D concentrations in healthy women in premenopausal age. METHODS: We enrolled 200 healthy women, aged 19-50 years (mean age ± SD, 38 ± 11 years). In each subject, we measured serum 25(OH)D in relation to metabolic biomarkers and cardiovascular parameters. RESULTS: A status of vitamin D deficiency was found in 48% of the study population, while 38% showed levels higher than 30 ng/ml. Fasting glucose and insulin levels were significantly higher in subjects with vitamin Ddeficiency/insufficiency (P = 0.034 and P = 0.049, respectively) as well as HOMA-IR (P = 0.05). HDL cholesterol was significantly lower (P = 0.024) and intima-media thickness (IMT) higher (P = 0.014) in the vitamin D deficient/insufficient subjects. Moreover, serum 25(OH)D levels inversely correlated with insulin levels (P = 0.0001) and intima-media thickness (P = 0.015), and directly with serum HDL cholesterol (P = 0.010). At univariate regression analysis, the parameters that were significantly associated with vitamin D levels were insulin (P = 0.050), HDL cholesterol (P = 0.016), and intima-media thickness (P = 0.015). At multivariate analysis adjusted for age and BMI, vitamin D was still significantly associated with HDL cholesterol and intima-media thickness. CONCLUSIONS: A positive association between vitamin D and HDL cholesterol was found in healthy women without any evidence of metabolic disorders, with a significant inverse correlation between vitamin D and IMT. These results suggest a possible protective role of 25(OH)D in cardiovascular disorders.
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