Gloria T Haskell1, Brian C Jensen2, Leigh Ann Samsa2, Daniel Marchuk2, Wei Huang2, Cecile Skrzynia2, Christian Tilley2, Bryce A Seifert2, Edgar A Rivera-Muñoz2, Beverly Koller2, Kirk C Wilhelmsen2, Jiandong Liu2, Hassan Alhosaini2, Karen E Weck2, James P Evans2, Jonathan S Berg2. 1. From the Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (G.T.H.); Division of Cardiology (B.C.J.), McAllister Heart Institute (B.C.J., L.A.S., W.H., J.L.), Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology (L.A.S., W.H., J.L.), Department of Genetics (D.M., C.S., C.T., B.A.S., E.A.R.-M., B.K., K.C.W., K.E.W., J.P.E., J.S.B.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.L., K.E.W.), UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Renaissance Computing Institute, Chapel Hill, NC (K.C.W.); and ECU Heart Institute, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC (H.A.). gloria.haskell@dm.duke.edu. 2. From the Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC (G.T.H.); Division of Cardiology (B.C.J.), McAllister Heart Institute (B.C.J., L.A.S., W.H., J.L.), Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology (L.A.S., W.H., J.L.), Department of Genetics (D.M., C.S., C.T., B.A.S., E.A.R.-M., B.K., K.C.W., K.E.W., J.P.E., J.S.B.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.L., K.E.W.), UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Renaissance Computing Institute, Chapel Hill, NC (K.C.W.); and ECU Heart Institute, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC (H.A.).
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The genetic variation underlying many heritable forms of cardiovascular disease is incompletely understood, even in patients with strong family history or early age at onset. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used whole exome sequencing to detect pathogenic variants in 55 patients with suspected monogenic forms of cardiovascular disease. Diagnostic analysis of established disease genes identified pathogenic variants in 21.8% of cases and variants of uncertain significance in 34.5% of cases. Three patients harbored heterozygous nonsense or splice-site variants in the nucleoporin genes NUP37, NUP43, and NUP188, which have not been implicated previously in cardiac disease. We also identified a heterozygous splice site variant in the nuclear envelope gene SYNE1 in a child with severe dilated cardiomyopathy that underwent transplant, as well as in his affected father. To confirm a cardiovascular role for these candidate genes in vivo, we used morpholinos to reduce SYNE1, NUP37, and NUP43 gene expression in zebrafish. Morphant embryos displayed cardiac abnormalities, including pericardial edema and heart failure. Furthermore, lymphoblasts from the patient carrying a SYNE1 splice-site variant displayed changes in nuclear morphology and protein localization that are consistent with disruption of the nuclear envelope. CONCLUSIONS: These data expand the repertoire of pathogenic variants associated with cardiovascular disease and validate the diagnostic and research use of whole exome sequencing. We identify NUP37, NUP43, and NUP188 as novel candidate genes for cardiovascular disease, and suggest that dysfunction of the nuclear envelope may be an under-recognized component of inherited cardiac disease in some cases.
BACKGROUND: The genetic variation underlying many heritable forms of cardiovascular disease is incompletely understood, even in patients with strong family history or early age at onset. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used whole exome sequencing to detect pathogenic variants in 55 patients with suspected monogenic forms of cardiovascular disease. Diagnostic analysis of established disease genes identified pathogenic variants in 21.8% of cases and variants of uncertain significance in 34.5% of cases. Three patients harbored heterozygous nonsense or splice-site variants in the nucleoporin genes NUP37, NUP43, and NUP188, which have not been implicated previously in cardiac disease. We also identified a heterozygous splice site variant in the nuclear envelope gene SYNE1 in a child with severe dilated cardiomyopathy that underwent transplant, as well as in his affected father. To confirm a cardiovascular role for these candidate genes in vivo, we used morpholinos to reduce SYNE1, NUP37, and NUP43 gene expression in zebrafish. Morphant embryos displayed cardiac abnormalities, including pericardial edema and heart failure. Furthermore, lymphoblasts from the patient carrying a SYNE1 splice-site variant displayed changes in nuclear morphology and protein localization that are consistent with disruption of the nuclear envelope. CONCLUSIONS: These data expand the repertoire of pathogenic variants associated with cardiovascular disease and validate the diagnostic and research use of whole exome sequencing. We identify NUP37, NUP43, and NUP188 as novel candidate genes for cardiovascular disease, and suggest that dysfunction of the nuclear envelope may be an under-recognized component of inherited cardiac disease in some cases.
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