Canine laparoscopic ovariectomy using two 3- and 5-mm portal sites: A prospective randomized clinical trial.

Laparoscopic ovariectomy (LapOve) was performed in 3 groups (2.7-mm/5-mm, 5-mm/3-mm, and 5-mm telescope/5-mm bipolar forceps) of small dogs (n = 60). Surgical times, bleeding rates, complications, and laparoscopic visualization were recorded and compared among groups. Use of the 3-mm bipolar forceps significantly increased the surgical time and showed higher bleeding rates compared with the 5-mm bipolar forceps. The 2.7-mm telescope significantly decreased the laparoscopic view. No complications were seen in any group. In conclusion, the 2.7-mm 30° telescope or the 3-mm bipolar forceps combined with the 5-mm instruments could be used as an alternative technique for LapOve in dogs up to 10 kg. The 2.7-mm telescope with the 5-mm bipolar forceps was the most efficient combination based on surgical time.