Canine laparoscopic and laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy and ovariectomy.

As the benefits of minimally invasive surgery are more widely recognized by veterinarians and their clients, laparoscopic sterilization of female dogs is growing in popularity. Laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy and ovariectomy procedures in dogs are associated with less postoperative pain and a faster return to normal activity versus open sterilization procedures. The advent of newer laparoscopic electrocoagulation devices has further increased the technical feasibility and popularity of these procedures.