Samantha G Farris1, Elizabeth R Aston2, Michael J Zvolensky3, Ana M Abrantes4, Jane Metrik5. 1. Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, 345 Blackstone Blvd., Providence, RI 02906, USA; The Miriam Hospital, Centers for Behavioral and Preventative Medicine, 164 Summit St., Providence, RI 02906, USA; Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI 02906, USA. Electronic address: Samantha_farris@brown.edu. 2. Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, USA. Electronic address: Elizabeth_aston@brown.edu. 3. University of Houston, Department of Psychology, 126 Fred J. Heyne Building, Houston, TX 77204, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Behavioral Science, 1155 Pressler St., Houston, TX 77230, USA. Electronic address: mjzvolen@central.uh.edu. 4. Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, 345 Blackstone Blvd., Providence, RI 02906, USA; Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI 02906, USA. Electronic address: ana_abrantes@brown.edu. 5. Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, 345 Blackstone Blvd., Providence, RI 02906, USA; Brown University School of Public Health, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Box G-S121-5, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 830 Chalkstone Ave, Providence, RI 02908, USA. Electronic address: jane_metrik@brown.edu.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Behavioral economic measurement of the relative value of tobacco (Cigarette Purchase Task; CPT) is used to examine individual differences in motivation for tobacco under certain contexts. Smokers with psychopathology, relative to those without, may demonstrate stronger demand for tobacco following a period of smoking deprivation, which could account for disparate rates of smoking and cessation among this subgroup. METHOD: Participants (n=111) were community-recruited adult daily smokers who completed the CPT after a deprivation period of approximately 60min. Presence of psychopathology was assessed via clinical interview; 40.5% (n=45) of the sample met criteria for past-year psychological diagnosis. Specifically, 31.5% (n=35) had an emotional disorder (anxiety/depressive disorder), 17.1% (n=19) had a substance use disorder, and 19.1% of the sample had more than one disorder. RESULTS: Smokers with any psychopathology showed significantly higher intensity (demand at unrestricted cost; $0) and Omax (peak expenditure for a drug) relative to smokers with no psychopathology. Intensity was significantly higher among smokers with an emotional disorder compared to those without. Smokers with a substance use disorder showed significantly higher intensity and Omax, and lower elasticity, reflecting greater insensitivity to price increases. Having≥2 disorders was associated with higher intensity relative to having 1 or no disorders. DISCUSSION: Findings suggest that presence of psychopathology may be associated with greater and more persistent motivation to smoke. Future work is needed to explore the mechanism linking psychopathology to tobacco demand.
INTRODUCTION: Behavioral economic measurement of the relative value of tobacco (Cigarette Purchase Task; CPT) is used to examine individual differences in motivation for tobacco under certain contexts. Smokers with psychopathology, relative to those without, may demonstrate stronger demand for tobacco following a period of smoking deprivation, which could account for disparate rates of smoking and cessation among this subgroup. METHOD:Participants (n=111) were community-recruited adult daily smokers who completed the CPT after a deprivation period of approximately 60min. Presence of psychopathology was assessed via clinical interview; 40.5% (n=45) of the sample met criteria for past-year psychological diagnosis. Specifically, 31.5% (n=35) had an emotional disorder (anxiety/depressive disorder), 17.1% (n=19) had a substance use disorder, and 19.1% of the sample had more than one disorder. RESULTS: Smokers with any psychopathology showed significantly higher intensity (demand at unrestricted cost; $0) and Omax (peak expenditure for a drug) relative to smokers with no psychopathology. Intensity was significantly higher among smokers with an emotional disorder compared to those without. Smokers with a substance use disorder showed significantly higher intensity and Omax, and lower elasticity, reflecting greater insensitivity to price increases. Having≥2 disorders was associated with higher intensity relative to having 1 or no disorders. DISCUSSION: Findings suggest that presence of psychopathology may be associated with greater and more persistent motivation to smoke. Future work is needed to explore the mechanism linking psychopathology to tobacco demand.
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