F Navarro-Mateu1, J Alonso2,3,4, C C W Lim5, S Saha6,7, S Aguilar-Gaxiola8, A Al-Hamzawi9, L H Andrade10, E J Bromet11, R Bruffaerts12, S Chatterji13, L Degenhardt14, G de Girolamo15, P de Jonge16,17, J Fayyad18, S Florescu19, O Gureje20, J M Haro21, C Hu22, E G Karam23,24,25, V Kovess-Masfety26, S Lee27, M E Medina-Mora28, A Ojagbemi29, B-E Pennell30, M Piazza31,32, J Posada-Villa33, K M Scott34, J C Stagnaro35, M Xavier36, K S Kendler37, R C Kessler38, J J McGrath6,7,39. 1. UDIF-SM, Subdirección General de Planificación, Innovación y Cronicidad, Servicio Murciano de Salud. IMIB-Arrixaca. CIBERESP-Murcia, Murcia, Spain. 2. Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain. 3. Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. 4. CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain. 5. Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia. 6. Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia. 7. Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia. 8. Center for Reducing Health Disparities, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA. 9. College of Medicine, Al-Qadisiya University, Diwaniya governorate, Iraq. 10. Section of Psychiatric Epidemiology - LIM 23, Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil. 11. Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA. 12. Campus Gasthuisberg, Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Leuven, Belgium. 13. Department of Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. 14. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. 15. Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)-St. John of God Clinical Research Centre, Brescia, Italy. 16. Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 17. Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical, Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 18. Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy & Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon. 19. National School of Public Health, Management and Professional Development, Bucharest, Romania. 20. Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. 21. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 22. Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health & Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China. 23. Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon. 24. Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon. 25. Institute for Development Research Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon. 26. Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique (EHESP), Paris Descartes University, Paris, France. 27. Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong. 28. National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico. 29. College of Medicine, University of Ibadan; University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. 30. Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 31. Universidad Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. 32. National Institute of Health, Lima, Peru. 33. Faculty of Social Sciences, Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Bogota, Colombia. 34. Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand. 35. Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. 36. Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC) and Department of Mental Health, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisbon, Portugal. 37. Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. 38. Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 39. National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: While psychotic experiences (PEs) are known to be associated with a range of mental and general medical disorders, little is known about the association between PEs and measures of disability. We aimed to investigate this question using the World Mental Health surveys. METHOD: Lifetime occurrences of six types of PEs were assessed along with 21 mental disorders and 14 general medical conditions. Disability was assessed with a modified version of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between PEs and high disability scores (top quartile) with various adjustments. RESULTS: Respondents with PEs were more likely to have top quartile scores on global disability than respondents without PEs (19.1% vs. 7.5%; χ2 = 190.1, P < 0.001) as well as greater likelihood of cognitive, social, and role impairment. Relationships persisted in each adjusted model. A significant dose-response relationship was also found for the PE type measures with most of these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Psychotic experiences are associated with disability measures with a dose-response relationship. These results are consistent with the view that PEs are associated with disability regardless of the presence of comorbid mental or general medical disorders.
OBJECTIVE: While psychotic experiences (PEs) are known to be associated with a range of mental and general medical disorders, little is known about the association between PEs and measures of disability. We aimed to investigate this question using the World Mental Health surveys. METHOD: Lifetime occurrences of six types of PEs were assessed along with 21 mental disorders and 14 general medical conditions. Disability was assessed with a modified version of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between PEs and high disability scores (top quartile) with various adjustments. RESULTS: Respondents with PEs were more likely to have top quartile scores on global disability than respondents without PEs (19.1% vs. 7.5%; χ2 = 190.1, P < 0.001) as well as greater likelihood of cognitive, social, and role impairment. Relationships persisted in each adjusted model. A significant dose-response relationship was also found for the PE type measures with most of these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Psychotic experiences are associated with disability measures with a dose-response relationship. These results are consistent with the view that PEs are associated with disability regardless of the presence of comorbid mental or general medical disorders.
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