Gail A Laughlin1, Donna Kritz-Silverstein1, Jaclyn Bergstrom1, Emilie T Reas2, Simerjot K Jassal3, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor1, Linda K McEvoy1,2. 1. Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. 2. Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. 3. Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Evidence of a role for vitamin D (VitD) in cognitive aging is mixed and based primarily on extreme VitD deficiency. We evaluated the association of VitD insufficiency with cognitive function in older, community-dwelling adults living in a temperate climate with year-round sunshine. METHODS: A population-based longitudinal study of 1,058 adults (median age 75; 62% women) who had cognitive function assessed and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitaminD (25OHD) measured in 1997-99 and were followed for up to three additional cognitive function assessments over a 12-year period. RESULTS: Overall, 14% (n = 145) of participants had VitD insufficiency defined as 25OHD <30 ng/ml. Adjusting for age, sex, education, and season, VitD insufficiency was associated with poorer baseline performance on the Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) (p = 0.013), Trails Making Test B (Trails B) (p = 0.015), Category Fluency (p = 0.006), and Long Term Retrieval (p = 0.019); differences were equivalent to 5 years of age. For those with VitD insufficiency, the odds of mildly impaired performance at baseline were 38% higher for MMSE (p = 0.08), 78% higher for Trails B (p = 0.017), and 2-fold higher for Category Fluency and Long Term Retrieval (both p = 0.001). VitD insufficiency was not related to the rate of cognitive decline on any test or the risk of developing impaired performance during follow-up. CONCLUSION: In this population with little VitD deficiency, even moderately low VitD was associated with poorer performance on multiple domains of cognitive function. Low VitD did not predict 12-year cognitive decline. Clinical trials are essential to establish a causal link between VitD and cognitive well-being.
BACKGROUND: Evidence of a role for vitamin D (VitD) in cognitive aging is mixed and based primarily on extreme VitD deficiency. We evaluated the association of VitD insufficiency with cognitive function in older, community-dwelling adults living in a temperate climate with year-round sunshine. METHODS: A population-based longitudinal study of 1,058 adults (median age 75; 62% women) who had cognitive function assessed and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitaminD (25OHD) measured in 1997-99 and were followed for up to three additional cognitive function assessments over a 12-year period. RESULTS: Overall, 14% (n = 145) of participants had VitD insufficiency defined as 25OHD <30 ng/ml. Adjusting for age, sex, education, and season, VitD insufficiency was associated with poorer baseline performance on the Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) (p = 0.013), Trails Making Test B (Trails B) (p = 0.015), Category Fluency (p = 0.006), and Long Term Retrieval (p = 0.019); differences were equivalent to 5 years of age. For those with VitD insufficiency, the odds of mildly impaired performance at baseline were 38% higher for MMSE (p = 0.08), 78% higher for Trails B (p = 0.017), and 2-fold higher for Category Fluency and Long Term Retrieval (both p = 0.001). VitD insufficiency was not related to the rate of cognitive decline on any test or the risk of developing impaired performance during follow-up. CONCLUSION: In this population with little VitD deficiency, even moderately low VitD was associated with poorer performance on multiple domains of cognitive function. Low VitD did not predict 12-year cognitive decline. Clinical trials are essential to establish a causal link between VitD and cognitive well-being.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cognitive aging; cognitive function; epidemiology; longitudinal study; vitamin D
Authors: Adam Stewart; Keith Wong; Jonathan Cachat; Marco Elegante; Tom Gilder; Sopan Mohnot; Nadine Wu; Anna Minasyan; Pentti Tuohimaa; Allan V Kalueff Journal: Behav Pharmacol Date: 2010-09 Impact factor: 2.293
Authors: Denise G von Mühlen; Gail A Greendale; Cedric F Garland; Lori Wan; Elizabeth Barrett-Connor Journal: Osteoporos Int Date: 2005-06-01 Impact factor: 4.507
Authors: Rebecca C Rossom; Mark A Espeland; Joann E Manson; Maurice W Dysken; Karen C Johnson; Dorothy S Lane; Erin S LeBlanc; Frank A Lederle; Kamal H Masaki; Karen L Margolis Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2012-11-23 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: Huijuan Li; Jing Ma; Runzhi Huang; Yuhua Wen; Guanghui Liu; Miao Xuan; Ling Yang; Jun Yang; Lige Song Journal: Arch Public Health Date: 2020-06-04