Domenico Tricò1, Hetty Prinsen2, Cosimo Giannini3, Robin de Graaf2, Christoph Juchem2, Fangyong Li4, Sonia Caprio3, Nicola Santoro3,5, Raimund I Herzog1. 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519. 2. Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519. 3. Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519. 4. Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06519. 5. Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy.
Abstract
Context: Traditional risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus are weak predictors of changes in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in youth. Objective: To identify early metabolic features of insulin resistance (IR) in youth and whether they predict deterioration of glycemic control. Design and Setting: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study was conducted at the Yale Pediatric Obesity Clinic. Patients and Intervention: Concentrations of α-hydroxybutyrate, β-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 78 nondiabetic adolescents during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Associations between baseline metabolic alterations and longitudinal changes in glucose control were tested in 16 subjects after a mean follow-up of 2.3 years. Main Outcome Measures: The relationship between metabolite levels, parameters of IR, and glycemic control, and their progression over time. Results: Elevated fasting α-hydroxybutyrate levels were observed in adolescents with reduced insulin sensitivity after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, Tanner stage, and body mass index z-score (P = 0.014). Plasma α-hydroxybutyrate and BCAAs were increased throughout the course of the OGTT in this group (P < 0.03). Notably, borderline IR was associated with a progressive α-hydroxybutyrate decrease from elevated baseline concentrations to normal levels (P = 0.02). Increased baseline α-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were further associated with progressive worsening of glucose tolerance and disposition index. Conclusion: α-Hydroxybutyrate and BCAA concentrations during an OGTT characterize insulin-resistant youth and predict worsening of glycemic control. These findings provide potential biomarkers for risk assessment of type 2 diabetes and new insights into IR pathogenesis.
Context: Traditional risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus are weak predictors of changes in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in youth. Objective: To identify early metabolic features of insulin resistance (IR) in youth and whether they predict deterioration of glycemic control. Design and Setting: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study was conducted at the Yale Pediatric Obesity Clinic. Patients and Intervention: Concentrations of α-hydroxybutyrate, β-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 78 nondiabetic adolescents during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Associations between baseline metabolic alterations and longitudinal changes in glucose control were tested in 16 subjects after a mean follow-up of 2.3 years. Main Outcome Measures: The relationship between metabolite levels, parameters of IR, and glycemic control, and their progression over time. Results: Elevated fasting α-hydroxybutyrate levels were observed in adolescents with reduced insulin sensitivity after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, Tanner stage, and body mass index z-score (P = 0.014). Plasma α-hydroxybutyrate and BCAAs were increased throughout the course of the OGTT in this group (P < 0.03). Notably, borderline IR was associated with a progressive α-hydroxybutyrate decrease from elevated baseline concentrations to normal levels (P = 0.02). Increased baseline α-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were further associated with progressive worsening of glucose tolerance and disposition index. Conclusion: α-Hydroxybutyrate and BCAA concentrations during an OGTT characterize insulin-resistant youth and predict worsening of glycemic control. These findings provide potential biomarkers for risk assessment of type 2 diabetes and new insights into IR pathogenesis.
Authors: Stephanie J Mihalik; Sara F Michaliszyn; Javier de las Heras; Fida Bacha; SoJung Lee; Donald H Chace; Victor R DeJesus; Jerry Vockley; Silva A Arslanian Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2012-01-20 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: Ele Ferrannini; Andrea Natali; Stefania Camastra; Monica Nannipieri; Andrea Mari; Klaus-Peter Adam; Michael V Milburn; Gabi Kastenmüller; Jerzy Adamski; Tiinamaija Tuomi; Valeriya Lyssenko; Leif Groop; Walter E Gall Journal: Diabetes Date: 2012-11-16 Impact factor: 9.461
Authors: Stephen A Varvel; James V Pottala; Dawn L Thiselton; Rebecca Caffrey; Tara Dall; Maciek Sasinowski; Joseph P McConnell; G Russell Warnick; Szilard Voros; Timothy E Graham Journal: BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care Date: 2014-09-24
Authors: Jennifer E Ho; Martin G Larson; Ramachandran S Vasan; Anahita Ghorbani; Susan Cheng; Eugene P Rhee; Jose C Florez; Clary B Clish; Robert E Gerszten; Thomas J Wang Journal: Diabetes Date: 2013-02-04 Impact factor: 9.461
Authors: Miguel Ruiz-Canela; Marta Guasch-Ferré; Estefanía Toledo; Clary B Clish; Cristina Razquin; Liming Liang; Dong D Wang; Dolores Corella; Ramón Estruch; Álvaro Hernáez; Edward Yu; Enrique Gómez-Gracia; Yan Zheng; Fernando Arós; Dora Romaguera; Courtney Dennis; Emilio Ros; José Lapetra; Lluis Serra-Majem; Christopher Papandreou; Olga Portoles; Montserrat Fitó; Jordi Salas-Salvadó; Frank B Hu; Miguel A Martínez-González Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2018-04-16 Impact factor: 10.122
Authors: Dipsikha Biswas; Khoi T Dao; Angella Mercer; Andrew M Cowie; Luke Duffley; Yassine El Hiani; Petra C Kienesberger; Thomas Pulinilkunnil Journal: J Biol Chem Date: 2020-09-02 Impact factor: 5.157