High-Throughput Processing to Preserve Viable Cells: A Precision Medicine Initiative Cohort Program Workshop.

Conventionally, biobanks supporting clinical research studies have preserved serum, plasma, urine, saliva, a variety of tissue types, and stool. With the emergence of increasingly sophisticated technologies for analyzing single cells, there is growing interest in preserving viable blood cells for future functional studies. The new All of Us Research Program (formerly the Precision Medicine Initiative Cohort Program) biobank plans to house samples from a million or more individuals as part of a cohort with rich phenotypic data and longitudinal follow-up ( www.nih.gov/research-training/allofus-research-program ). Storage of viable cells for future single-cell analysis offers the promise of new biology, discovery of novel biomarkers, and advances toward the goal of precision medicine. A workshop was held in the summer of 2016 to evaluate the case for preservation of viable mononuclear blood cells and its feasibility within the collection plan for the biobank.