Feng Liu-Smith1, Ahmed Majid Farhat2, Anthony Arce3, Argyrios Ziogas4, Thomas Taylor4, Zi Wang5, Vandy Yourk6, Jing Liu7, Jun Wu8, Archana J McEligot3, Hoda Anton-Culver4, Frank L Meyskens9. 1. Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California; Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California. Electronic address: liufe@uci.edu. 2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California. 3. Department of Health Science, California State University, Fullerton, California. 4. Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California; Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, California. 5. Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Department of Molecular Biology, The Central South University, Changsha, China. 6. Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Irvine, California. 7. Department of Molecular Biology, The Central South University, Changsha, China. 8. Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California. 9. Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, California; Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; Department of Public Health, University of California, Irvine, California; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cutaneous melanoma (CM) incidence rates continue to increase, and the reasons are unknown. Previously, we reported a unique age-specific sex difference in melanoma that suggested additional causes other than solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. OBJECTIVE: This study attempted to understand whether and how UV radiation differentially impacts the CM incidence in men and women. METHODS: CM data and daily UV index (UVI) from 31 cancer registries were collected for association analysis. A second dataset from 42 US states was used for validation. RESULTS: There was no association between log-transformed female CM rates and levels of UVI, but there was a significant association between male rates and UVI and a significant association between overall rates and UVI. The 5-year age-specific rate-UVI association levels (represented by Pearson's coefficient ρ) increased with age in men, but age-specific ρ levels remained low and unchanged in women. The significant rate-UVI association in men and nonassociation in women was validated in a population of white residents of the United States. LIMITATIONS: Confounders, including temperature and latitude, are difficult to separate from UVI. CONCLUSIONS: Ambient UVI appears to be associated with melanoma incidence in males but not in females.
BACKGROUND:Cutaneous melanoma (CM) incidence rates continue to increase, and the reasons are unknown. Previously, we reported a unique age-specific sex difference in melanoma that suggested additional causes other than solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. OBJECTIVE: This study attempted to understand whether and how UV radiation differentially impacts the CM incidence in men and women. METHODS: CM data and daily UV index (UVI) from 31 cancer registries were collected for association analysis. A second dataset from 42 US states was used for validation. RESULTS: There was no association between log-transformed female CM rates and levels of UVI, but there was a significant association between male rates and UVI and a significant association between overall rates and UVI. The 5-year age-specific rate-UVI association levels (represented by Pearson's coefficient ρ) increased with age in men, but age-specific ρ levels remained low and unchanged in women. The significant rate-UVI association in men and nonassociation in women was validated in a population of white residents of the United States. LIMITATIONS: Confounders, including temperature and latitude, are difficult to separate from UVI. CONCLUSIONS: Ambient UVI appears to be associated with melanoma incidence in males but not in females.
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