Xiaotong Han1, Leon B Ellwein2, Xinxing Guo1, Yin Hu1, William Yan3, Mingguang He4. 1. State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. 2. National Eye Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. 3. Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. 4. State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: mingguang_he@yahoo.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the progression of near vision loss and the cumulative incidence of near vision impairment (NVI) 6 years after initial examination of an urban Chinese cohort. DESIGN: Population-based, prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: People aged ≥35 years examined at baseline in the Yuexiu District of Guangzhou, China. METHODS: Participants examined at baseline were invited for 2-year and 6-year follow-up examinations in 2010 and 2014, respectively. Examinations included noncycloplegic autorefraction and binocular near visual acuity (NVA) with and without current near correction measured at 40 cm using a LogMAR ETDRS near vision tumbling E chart. Those with uncorrected binocular NVA (UCNVA) ≤20/40 underwent subjective refraction to obtain best-corrected binocular NVA (BCNVA). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in UCNVA between baseline and 2014 follow-up examinations and the 6-year cumulative incidence of vision impairment based on 3 definitions: NVA ≤20/40, ≤20/50, and ≤20/63. RESULTS: Among the 1817 baseline participants, 1595 (87.8%) were reexamined in 2010 and 1427 (78.5%) in 2014. Mean vision loss between baseline and the 2014 follow-up was 1.54 (±1.74) lines of UCNVA. Vision loss was associated with age 80 years or older, less education, and better baseline UCNVA. The 6-year cumulative incidence of uncorrected binocular NVI (UCNVI) across the 3 vision impairment definitions was 55.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 46.1%-64.3%), 51.3% (95% CI, 44.0%-58.7%), and 42.4% (95% CI, 35.5%-49.3%), respectively. With best-corrected binocular NVI (BCNVI), incidence was 6.89% (95% CI, 4.28%-9.50%), 5.17% (95% CI, 2.89%-7.44%), and 2.62% (95% CI, 1.11%-4.12%), respectively. A higher incidence of UCNVI was associated with worse baseline UCNVA for all 3 impairment definitions. Similarly, incidence of BCNVI was associated with worse baseline BCNVA, but also with older age and education at the primary level or less. Gender was not significant for either UCNVI or BCNVI. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of those aged 35 years or older develop UCNVI in 6 years, the overwhelming majority of whom can be corrected with spectacles. Cost-effective strategies to provide spectacles to this at-risk population remains an issue requiring further study.
PURPOSE: To investigate the progression of near vision loss and the cumulative incidence of near vision impairment (NVI) 6 years after initial examination of an urban Chinese cohort. DESIGN: Population-based, prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: People aged ≥35 years examined at baseline in the Yuexiu District of Guangzhou, China. METHODS:Participants examined at baseline were invited for 2-year and 6-year follow-up examinations in 2010 and 2014, respectively. Examinations included noncycloplegic autorefraction and binocular near visual acuity (NVA) with and without current near correction measured at 40 cm using a LogMAR ETDRS near vision tumbling E chart. Those with uncorrected binocular NVA (UCNVA) ≤20/40 underwent subjective refraction to obtain best-corrected binocular NVA (BCNVA). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in UCNVA between baseline and 2014 follow-up examinations and the 6-year cumulative incidence of vision impairment based on 3 definitions: NVA ≤20/40, ≤20/50, and ≤20/63. RESULTS: Among the 1817 baseline participants, 1595 (87.8%) were reexamined in 2010 and 1427 (78.5%) in 2014. Mean vision loss between baseline and the 2014 follow-up was 1.54 (±1.74) lines of UCNVA. Vision loss was associated with age 80 years or older, less education, and better baseline UCNVA. The 6-year cumulative incidence of uncorrected binocular NVI (UCNVI) across the 3 vision impairment definitions was 55.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 46.1%-64.3%), 51.3% (95% CI, 44.0%-58.7%), and 42.4% (95% CI, 35.5%-49.3%), respectively. With best-corrected binocular NVI (BCNVI), incidence was 6.89% (95% CI, 4.28%-9.50%), 5.17% (95% CI, 2.89%-7.44%), and 2.62% (95% CI, 1.11%-4.12%), respectively. A higher incidence of UCNVI was associated with worse baseline UCNVA for all 3 impairment definitions. Similarly, incidence of BCNVI was associated with worse baseline BCNVA, but also with older age and education at the primary level or less. Gender was not significant for either UCNVI or BCNVI. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of those aged 35 years or older develop UCNVI in 6 years, the overwhelming majority of whom can be corrected with spectacles. Cost-effective strategies to provide spectacles to this at-risk population remains an issue requiring further study.
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