Emily Frith1, Paul D Loprinzi1. 1. Physical Activity Epidemiology Laboratory, Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We evaluated the specific association between a fitness-fatness index (FFI) and all-cause mortality among a national sample of US adults with coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, or myocardial infarction. This FFI has recently emerged in the literature as a novel index of health. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesize that FFI will be inversely associated with mortality risk. METHODS: The FFI was calculated as cardiorespiratory fitness divided by waist-to-height ratio. Data from the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to identify 1206 participants, ages 20 to 85. Person-months of follow-up were calculated from the date of interview until date of death or censoring on December 31, 2011, whichever came first. RESULTS: In a Cox proportional hazards model, for every 1-FFI-unit increase, participants had a 6% reduced all-cause mortality rate (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91-0.97, P = 0.001; N = 1206). Results were similar among those diagnosed with coronary artery disease (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98, P = 0.007), congestive heart failure (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99, P = 0.02), or myocardial infarction (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-0.99, P = 0.04). When examined in isolation, only fitness (and not fatness) was linked with survival benefits. CONCLUSIONS: In this national sample, increased FFI was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality; this association was driven by the beneficial effects of fitness. This underscores the importance of tailored cardiac rehabilitation programs designed to promote fitness, in particular, among cardiac populations.
BACKGROUND: We evaluated the specific association between a fitness-fatness index (FFI) and all-cause mortality among a national sample of US adults with coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, or myocardial infarction. This FFI has recently emerged in the literature as a novel index of health. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesize that FFI will be inversely associated with mortality risk. METHODS: The FFI was calculated as cardiorespiratory fitness divided by waist-to-height ratio. Data from the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to identify 1206 participants, ages 20 to 85. Person-months of follow-up were calculated from the date of interview until date of death or censoring on December 31, 2011, whichever came first. RESULTS: In a Cox proportional hazards model, for every 1-FFI-unit increase, participants had a 6% reduced all-cause mortality rate (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91-0.97, P = 0.001; N = 1206). Results were similar among those diagnosed with coronary artery disease (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98, P = 0.007), congestive heart failure (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99, P = 0.02), or myocardial infarction (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-0.99, P = 0.04). When examined in isolation, only fitness (and not fatness) was linked with survival benefits. CONCLUSIONS: In this national sample, increased FFI was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality; this association was driven by the beneficial effects of fitness. This underscores the importance of tailored cardiac rehabilitation programs designed to promote fitness, in particular, among cardiac populations.
Authors: Duck-chul Lee; Xuemei Sui; Enrique G Artero; I-Min Lee; Timothy S Church; Paul A McAuley; Fatima C Stanford; Harold W Kohl; Steven N Blair Journal: Circulation Date: 2011-12-06 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Michael D Jensen; Donna H Ryan; Caroline M Apovian; Jamy D Ard; Anthony G Comuzzie; Karen A Donato; Frank B Hu; Van S Hubbard; John M Jakicic; Robert F Kushner; Catherine M Loria; Barbara E Millen; Cathy A Nonas; F Xavier Pi-Sunyer; June Stevens; Victor J Stevens; Thomas A Wadden; Bruce M Wolfe; Susan Z Yanovski Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 2013-11-12 Impact factor: 24.094
Authors: Jonathan Myers; Paul McAuley; Carl J Lavie; Jean-Pierre Despres; Ross Arena; Peter Kokkinos Journal: Prog Cardiovasc Dis Date: 2014-09-28 Impact factor: 8.194
Authors: Enrique G Artero; Andrew S Jackson; Xuemei Sui; Duck-Chul Lee; Daniel P O'Connor; Carl J Lavie; Timothy S Church; Steven N Blair Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 2014-04-02 Impact factor: 24.094
Authors: Michael J Kirton; Mitchel T Burnley; Joyce S Ramos; Ryan Weatherwax; Lance C Dalleck Journal: J Sports Sci Med Date: 2022-09-01 Impact factor: 4.017
Authors: Joyce S Ramos; Lance C Dalleck; Mackenzie Fennell; Alex Martini; Talita Welmans; Rebecca Stennett; Shelley E Keating; Robert G Fassett; Jeff S Coombes Journal: Sports Med Open Date: 2021-12-24