Jonathan C Reid1, Bret Yonke2, Marc Tompkins3,2. 1. University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. reidx160@umn.edu. 2. TRIA Orthopaedic Center, 8100 Northland Drive, Bloomington, MN, 55431, USA. 3. University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the angle of inclination of the native anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in both the sagittal and coronal planes and to evaluate these findings based on sex, height, BMI, and skeletal maturity. METHODS: Inclusion criteria for the study included patients undergoing routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee at a single outpatient orthopedic center who had an intact ACL on MRI. Measurements of the angle of inclination were made on MRIs in both the sagittal and coronal planes. Patients were compared based on sex, height, BMI, and skeletal maturity. RESULTS: One-hundred and eighty-eight patients were included (36 skeletally immature/152 skeletally mature; 98 male/90 female). The overall angle of inclination was 74.3° ± 4.8° in the coronal plane and 46.9° ± 4.9° in the sagittal plane. Skeletally immature patients (coronal: 71.8° ± 6.1°; sagittal: 44.7° ± 5.5°) were significantly different in both coronal and sagittal planes (P = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively) from skeletally mature patients (coronal: 75.3° ± 4.7°; sagittal: 47.4° ± 4.7°). There were no differences based on sex, height, or BMI. CONCLUSIONS: There are differences between the angle of inclination findings in this study and other studies, which could be due to MRI and measurement techniques. Clinically, skeletal maturity may be important to account for when using the ACL angle of inclination to evaluate anatomic ACL reconstruction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic retrospective study, Level of evidence III.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the angle of inclination of the native anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in both the sagittal and coronal planes and to evaluate these findings based on sex, height, BMI, and skeletal maturity. METHODS: Inclusion criteria for the study included patients undergoing routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee at a single outpatient orthopedic center who had an intact ACL on MRI. Measurements of the angle of inclination were made on MRIs in both the sagittal and coronal planes. Patients were compared based on sex, height, BMI, and skeletal maturity. RESULTS: One-hundred and eighty-eight patients were included (36 skeletally immature/152 skeletally mature; 98 male/90 female). The overall angle of inclination was 74.3° ± 4.8° in the coronal plane and 46.9° ± 4.9° in the sagittal plane. Skeletally immature patients (coronal: 71.8° ± 6.1°; sagittal: 44.7° ± 5.5°) were significantly different in both coronal and sagittal planes (P = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively) from skeletally mature patients (coronal: 75.3° ± 4.7°; sagittal: 47.4° ± 4.7°). There were no differences based on sex, height, or BMI. CONCLUSIONS: There are differences between the angle of inclination findings in this study and other studies, which could be due to MRI and measurement techniques. Clinically, skeletal maturity may be important to account for when using the ACL angle of inclination to evaluate anatomic ACL reconstruction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic retrospective study, Level of evidence III.
Authors: Paulo H Araujo; Shigehiro Asai; Mauricio Pinto; Thiago Protta; Kellie Middleton; Monica Linde-Rosen; James Irrgang; Patrick Smolinski; Freddie H Fu Journal: J Bone Joint Surg Am Date: 2015-11-04 Impact factor: 5.284
Authors: Mark E Steiner; Todd C Battaglia; James F Heming; Jason D Rand; Anthony Festa; Michael Baria Journal: Am J Sports Med Date: 2009-09-02 Impact factor: 6.202
Authors: Ermias S Abebe; C T Moorman; T Scott Dziedzic; Charles E Spritzer; R Lee Cothran; Dean C Taylor; William E Garrett; Louis E DeFrate Journal: Am J Sports Med Date: 2009-08-17 Impact factor: 6.202
Authors: Mitchell Stephen Fourman; Sherif Galal Hassan; James W Roach; Jan S Grudziak Journal: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Date: 2021-04-03 Impact factor: 4.342
Authors: Stephanie G Cone; Ryan H Barnes; Danielle Howe; Lynn A Fordham; Matthew B Fisher; Jeffrey T Spang Journal: J Orthop Res Date: 2021-11-02 Impact factor: 3.102
Authors: Stephanie G Cone; Emily P Lambeth; Hongyu Ru; Lynn A Fordham; Jorge A Piedrahita; Jeffrey T Spang; Matthew B Fisher Journal: Clin Orthop Relat Res Date: 2019-09 Impact factor: 4.176