Lorena R S Almeida1,2,3, Guilherme T Valenca1,4, Nádja N Negreiros5, Elen B Pinto3, Jamary Oliveira-Filho2. 1. Movement Disorders and Parkinson's Disease Clinic, Roberto Santos General Hospital/SESAB, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. 2. Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. 3. Motor Behavior and Neurorehabilitation Research Group, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. 4. Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil. 5. Movement Disorders Clinic, State of Bahia Health Attention Center for the Elderly/SESAB, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Falls are a debilitating problem for people with Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVES: To compare clinical and functional characteristics of non-fallers, single and recurrent fallers (≥2 falls); to determine predictors of time to second fall; and to develop a predictive tool for identifying people with PD at different categories of falls risk. METHODS: Participants (n = 229) were assessed by disease-specific, self-report and balance measures and followed up for 12 months. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test were performed. Selected predictors with p < 0.10 in univariate analysis were chosen to be entered into the Cox regression model. RESULTS: Eighty-four (37%) participants had ≥2 falls during the follow-up. Recurrent fallers significantly differed from single fallers. The final Cox model included history of ≥2 falls in the past year (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 3.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.26-6.86), motor fluctuations (HR = 1.91; 95% CI 1.12-3.26), UPDRS activities of daily living (ADL) (HR = 1.10 per 1 point increase; 95% CI 1.06-1.14) and levodopa equivalent dose (LED) (HR = 1.09 per 100 mg increase; 95% CI 1.02-1.16). A 3-predictor tool included history of ≥2 falls in the past year, motor fluctuations and UPDRS ADL >12 points (AUC = 0.84; 95% CI 0.78-0.90). By adding LED >700 mg/day and Berg balance scale ≤49 points, a 5-predictor tool was developed (AUC = 0.86; 95% CI 0.81-0.92). CONCLUSIONS: Two predictive tools with moderate-to-high accuracy may identify people with PD at low, medium and high risk of falling recurrently within the next year. However, future studies to address external validation are required.
BACKGROUND: Falls are a debilitating problem for people with Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVES: To compare clinical and functional characteristics of non-fallers, single and recurrent fallers (≥2 falls); to determine predictors of time to second fall; and to develop a predictive tool for identifying people with PD at different categories of falls risk. METHODS:Participants (n = 229) were assessed by disease-specific, self-report and balance measures and followed up for 12 months. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test were performed. Selected predictors with p < 0.10 in univariate analysis were chosen to be entered into the Cox regression model. RESULTS: Eighty-four (37%) participants had ≥2 falls during the follow-up. Recurrent fallers significantly differed from single fallers. The final Cox model included history of ≥2 falls in the past year (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 3.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.26-6.86), motor fluctuations (HR = 1.91; 95% CI 1.12-3.26), UPDRS activities of daily living (ADL) (HR = 1.10 per 1 point increase; 95% CI 1.06-1.14) and levodopa equivalent dose (LED) (HR = 1.09 per 100 mg increase; 95% CI 1.02-1.16). A 3-predictor tool included history of ≥2 falls in the past year, motor fluctuations and UPDRS ADL >12 points (AUC = 0.84; 95% CI 0.78-0.90). By adding LED >700 mg/day and Berg balance scale ≤49 points, a 5-predictor tool was developed (AUC = 0.86; 95% CI 0.81-0.92). CONCLUSIONS: Two predictive tools with moderate-to-high accuracy may identify people with PD at low, medium and high risk of falling recurrently within the next year. However, future studies to address external validation are required.
Authors: Lorena Rosa S Almeida; Maria Elisa Pimentel Piemonte; Helen M Cavalcanti; Colleen G Canning; Serene S Paul Journal: Mov Disord Clin Pract Date: 2021-03-11
Authors: Esther Cubo; Alvaro Garcia-Bustillo; Alvar Arnaiz-Gonzalez; Jose Miguel Ramirez-Sanz; Jose Luis Garrido-Labrador; Florita Valiñas; Marta Allende; Jeronimo Javier Gonzalez-Bernal; Josefa Gonzalez-Santos; José Francisco Diez-Pastor; Maha Jahouh; Jana Arribas; Jose Trejo Journal: PLoS One Date: 2021-12-21 Impact factor: 3.240