Michael P Kelly1, Houri K Vorperian2, Yuan Wang3, Katelyn K Tillman4, Helen M Werner5, Moo K Chung6, Lindell R Gentry7. 1. Vocal Tract Development Laboratory, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave., Rooms 429/427, Madison, WI 53705, USA. Electronic address: mkelly1@wisc.edu. 2. Vocal Tract Development Laboratory, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave., Rooms 429/427, Madison, WI 53705, USA. Electronic address: vorperian@waisman.wisc.edu. 3. Vocal Tract Development Laboratory, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave., Rooms 429/427, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Electronic address: yuanw@stat.wisc.edu. 4. Vocal Tract Development Laboratory, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave., Rooms 429/427, Madison, WI 53705, USA. Electronic address: kkassulke@waisman.wisc.edu. 5. Vocal Tract Development Laboratory, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave., Rooms 429/427, Madison, WI 53705, USA. Electronic address: holden@wisc.edu. 6. Vocal Tract Development Laboratory, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave., Rooms 429/427, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Electronic address: mkchung@wisc.edu. 7. Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Box 3252 Clinical Science Center, E1 336, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792, USA. Electronic address: lgentry@uwhealth.org.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To provide quantitative data on the multi-planar growth of the mandible, this study derived accurate linear and angular mandible measurements using landmarks on three dimensional (3D) mandible models. This novel method was used to quantify 3D mandibular growth and characterize the emergence of sexual dimorphism. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and longitudinal imaging data were obtained from a retrospective computed tomography (CT) database for 51 typically developing individuals between the ages of one and nineteen years. The software Analyze was used to generate 104 3DCT mandible models. Eleven landmarks placed on the models defined six linear measurements (lateral condyle, gonion, and endomolare width, ramus and mental depth, and mandible length) and three angular measurements (gonion, gnathion, and lingual). A fourth degree polynomial fit quantified growth trends, its derivative quantified growth rates, and a composite growth model determined growth types (neural/cranial and somatic/skeletal). Sex differences were assessed in four age cohorts, each spanning five years, to determine the ontogenetic pattern producing sexual dimorphism of the adult mandible. RESULTS: Mandibular growth trends and growth rates were non-uniform. In general, structures in the horizontal plane displayed predominantly neural/cranial growth types, whereas structures in the vertical plane had somatic/skeletal growth types. Significant prepubertal sex differences in the inferior aspect of the mandible dissipated when growth in males began to outpace that of females at eight to ten years of age, but sexual dimorphism re-emerged during and after puberty. CONCLUSIONS: This 3D analysis of mandibular growth provides preliminary normative developmental data for clinical assessment and craniofacial growth studies.
OBJECTIVE: To provide quantitative data on the multi-planar growth of the mandible, this study derived accurate linear and angular mandible measurements using landmarks on three dimensional (3D) mandible models. This novel method was used to quantify 3D mandibular growth and characterize the emergence of sexual dimorphism. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and longitudinal imaging data were obtained from a retrospective computed tomography (CT) database for 51 typically developing individuals between the ages of one and nineteen years. The software Analyze was used to generate 104 3DCT mandible models. Eleven landmarks placed on the models defined six linear measurements (lateral condyle, gonion, and endomolare width, ramus and mental depth, and mandible length) and three angular measurements (gonion, gnathion, and lingual). A fourth degree polynomial fit quantified growth trends, its derivative quantified growth rates, and a composite growth model determined growth types (neural/cranial and somatic/skeletal). Sex differences were assessed in four age cohorts, each spanning five years, to determine the ontogenetic pattern producing sexual dimorphism of the adult mandible. RESULTS: Mandibular growth trends and growth rates were non-uniform. In general, structures in the horizontal plane displayed predominantly neural/cranial growth types, whereas structures in the vertical plane had somatic/skeletal growth types. Significant prepubertal sex differences in the inferior aspect of the mandible dissipated when growth in males began to outpace that of females at eight to ten years of age, but sexual dimorphism re-emerged during and after puberty. CONCLUSIONS: This 3D analysis of mandibular growth provides preliminary normative developmental data for clinical assessment and craniofacial growth studies.
Authors: Michael Coquerelle; Fred L Bookstein; José Braga; Demetrios J Halazonetis; Gerhard W Weber; Philipp Mitteroecker Journal: Am J Phys Anthropol Date: 2011-03-01 Impact factor: 2.868
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