Clinton Hall1, Beate Ritz1, Myles Cockburn2, Tom B Davidson3, Julia E Heck4. 1. Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, CA, USA. 2. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 3. Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 4. Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, CA, USA. Electronic address: jeheck@ucla.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Childhood germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a rare assortment of neoplasms, with mostly unknown etiology, that are believed to originate very early in life. Few studies have examined risk factors by histologic subtype, despite evidence of different risk profiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this population-based case-control study, 451 childhood malignant GCT cases ages 0-5 years were identified from the California Cancer Registry. Differentiating between common histologic subtypes, we identified 181 yolk sac tumors, 216 teratomas, and 54 rarer subtypes. Cases were linked to their birth certificates and 271,381 controls, frequency matched by birth year, were randomly selected from California birthrolls to investigate the contributions of demographic, gestational, and pregnancy factors using unconditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Compared to non-Hispanic whites, Asian/Pacific Islander children were at an increased risk for developing GCTs (odds ratio [OR]=1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.47, 2.56). Among pregnancy complications and procedures, yolk sac tumors were positively associated with the presence of fetopelvic disproportion (OR=2.97; 95% CI=1.55, 5.68), while teratomas were strongly associated with polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios (OR=14.76; 95% CI=7.21, 30.19) and the presence of an ear, face, or neck anomaly at birth (OR=93.70; 95% CI=42.14, 208.82). CONCLUSIONS: Malignant yolk sac tumors and malignant teratomas exhibited distinct demographic and gestational characteristics; additionally, complications in pregnancy and labor may be brought on by specific histologic subtypes.
BACKGROUND: Childhood germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a rare assortment of neoplasms, with mostly unknown etiology, that are believed to originate very early in life. Few studies have examined risk factors by histologic subtype, despite evidence of different risk profiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this population-based case-control study, 451 childhood malignant GCT cases ages 0-5 years were identified from the California Cancer Registry. Differentiating between common histologic subtypes, we identified 181 yolk sac tumors, 216 teratomas, and 54 rarer subtypes. Cases were linked to their birth certificates and 271,381 controls, frequency matched by birth year, were randomly selected from California birthrolls to investigate the contributions of demographic, gestational, and pregnancy factors using unconditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Compared to non-Hispanic whites, Asian/Pacific Islander children were at an increased risk for developing GCTs (odds ratio [OR]=1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.47, 2.56). Among pregnancy complications and procedures, yolk sac tumors were positively associated with the presence of fetopelvic disproportion (OR=2.97; 95% CI=1.55, 5.68), while teratomas were strongly associated with polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios (OR=14.76; 95% CI=7.21, 30.19) and the presence of an ear, face, or neck anomaly at birth (OR=93.70; 95% CI=42.14, 208.82). CONCLUSIONS: Malignant yolk sac tumors and malignant teratomas exhibited distinct demographic and gestational characteristics; additionally, complications in pregnancy and labor may be brought on by specific histologic subtypes.
Authors: Julia E Heck; Jun Wu; Christina Lombardi; Jiaheng Qiu; Travis J Meyers; Michelle Wilhelm; Myles Cockburn; Beate Ritz Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2013-09-10 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Clinton Hall; Johnni Hansen; Ondine S von Ehrenstein; Di He; Jørn Olsen; Beate Ritz; Julia E Heck Journal: Int Arch Occup Environ Health Date: 2020-02-05 Impact factor: 3.015
Authors: Julia E Heck; Xiwen Huang; Kara L Calkins; Yuelian Sun; Jorn Olsen; Beate Ritz; Johnni Hansen Journal: Int J Cancer Date: 2019-11-04 Impact factor: 7.396
Authors: Kimberly J Johnson; Jong Min Lee; Kazi Ahsan; Hannah Padda; Qianxi Feng; Sonia Partap; Susan A Fowler; Todd E Druley Journal: PLoS One Date: 2017-07-27 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Clinton Hall; Johnni Hansen; Jørn Olsen; Di He; Ondine S von Ehrenstein; Beate Ritz; Julia E Heck Journal: Cancer Causes Control Date: 2021-04-28 Impact factor: 2.506
Authors: Clinton Hall; Julia E Heck; Beate Ritz; Myles Cockburn; Loraine A Escobedo; Ondine S von Ehrenstein Journal: J Occup Environ Med Date: 2019-06 Impact factor: 2.306
Authors: Andrew S Park; Beate Ritz; Chenxiao Ling; Myles Cockburn; Julia E Heck Journal: Int J Hyg Environ Health Date: 2017-06-24 Impact factor: 7.401
Authors: Lindsay A Williams; Lauren Mills; Anthony J Hooten; Erica Langer; Michelle Roesler; A Lindsay Frazier; Mark Krailo; Heather H Nelson; Jessica Bestrashniy; James F Amatruda; Jenny N Poynter Journal: Br J Cancer Date: 2018-10-05 Impact factor: 7.640