B A Shakhsheer1, B Lec2, A Zaborin1, K Guyton1, A M Defnet2, N Bagrodia2, J J Kandel2, O Zaborina1, S L Hernandez2, J Alverdy3. 1. Department of Surgery, Center for Surgical Infection Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 6040, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA. 2. Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. 3. Department of Surgery, Center for Surgical Infection Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 S Maryland Ave, MC 6040, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA. jalverdy@surgery.bsd.uchicago.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Current surgical dogma dictates that tissue ischemia and hypoxia are major contributing factors in anastomotic leak despite scant evidence. The aim of this study was to determine if tissue hypoxia is a feature of anastomotic leakage in rats following colon resection and segmental devascularization. METHODS: Rats were randomly assigned to undergo sham operation, segmental colon devascularization alone, colectomy alone, or segmental devascularization plus colectomy. Tissue hypoxia present at the colon anastomosis site across the various treatment groups was determined at sacrifice on postoperative day 6. Pimonidazole HCl was injected 30 min prior to sacrifice. Anastomotic tissues were examined and scored for healing versus leakage using an anastomotic healing score (AHS). Collagen content, hypoxia, enteric smooth muscle and periendothelial stromal patterning, and apoptosis were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: No differences in tissue hypoxia were noted in the 16% of anastomotic tissues with poor healing compared to the remaining 84% of rats whose anastomoses healed well. No significant changes were found in cell death in the submucosa of any group. Consistent with previous findings, poor healing was associated with lower collagen content. Submucosal thickness correlated with increased arteriole diameter (R 2 = 0.25, p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that tissue hypoxia is not a distinctive feature of anastomotic tissues that fail to heal and leak, even when their blood supply is interrupted. These findings suggest that compensatory factors may mitigate the effects of ischemia and hypoxia during healing of anastomotic tissues and that the process of leakage involves factors beyond their acute effects.
PURPOSE: Current surgical dogma dictates that tissue ischemia and hypoxia are major contributing factors in anastomotic leak despite scant evidence. The aim of this study was to determine if tissue hypoxia is a feature of anastomotic leakage in rats following colon resection and segmental devascularization. METHODS: Rats were randomly assigned to undergo sham operation, segmental colon devascularization alone, colectomy alone, or segmental devascularization plus colectomy. Tissue hypoxia present at the colon anastomosis site across the various treatment groups was determined at sacrifice on postoperative day 6. Pimonidazole HCl was injected 30 min prior to sacrifice. Anastomotic tissues were examined and scored for healing versus leakage using an anastomotic healing score (AHS). Collagen content, hypoxia, enteric smooth muscle and periendothelial stromal patterning, and apoptosis were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: No differences in tissue hypoxia were noted in the 16% of anastomotic tissues with poor healing compared to the remaining 84% of rats whose anastomoses healed well. No significant changes were found in cell death in the submucosa of any group. Consistent with previous findings, poor healing was associated with lower collagen content. Submucosal thickness correlated with increased arteriole diameter (R 2 = 0.25, p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that tissue hypoxia is not a distinctive feature of anastomotic tissues that fail to heal and leak, even when their blood supply is interrupted. These findings suggest that compensatory factors may mitigate the effects of ischemia and hypoxia during healing of anastomotic tissues and that the process of leakage involves factors beyond their acute effects.
Authors: Nachiket J Patel; Olga Zaborina; Licheng Wu; Yingmin Wang; Donald J Wolfgeher; Vesta Valuckaite; Mae J Ciancio; Jonathan E Kohler; Olga Shevchenko; Sean P Colgan; Eugene B Chang; Jerrold R Turner; John C Alverdy Journal: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Date: 2006-08-10 Impact factor: 4.052
Authors: Sander B Schouten; Anthonius F J De Bruin; Martijn P Gosselink; Alex L Nigg; Mat van Iterson; Katherina Biermann; Mike Kliffen; Erwin van der Harst Journal: Hepatogastroenterology Date: 2014 Jan-Feb
Authors: Andrea D Olivas; Benjamin D Shogan; Vesta Valuckaite; Alexander Zaborin; Natalya Belogortseva; Mark Musch; Folker Meyer; William L Trimble; Gary An; Jack Gilbert; Olga Zaborina; John C Alverdy Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-08-31 Impact factor: 3.240