A case for poroelasticity in skeletal muscle finite element analysis: experiment and modeling.

Finite element models of skeletal muscle typically ignore the biphasic nature of the tissue, associating any time dependence with a viscoelastic formulation. In this study, direct experimental measurement of permeability was conducted as a function of specimen orientation and strain. A finite element model was developed to identify how various permeability formulations affect compressive response of the tissue. Experimental and modeling results suggest the assumption of a constant, isotropic permeability is appropriate. A viscoelastic only model differed considerably from a visco-poroelastic model, suggesting the latter is more appropriate for compressive studies.