Experimental and biphasic FEM determinations of the material properties and hydraulic permeability of the meniscus in tension.

Tensile tests and biphasic finite element modeling were used to determine a set of transversely isotropic properties for the meniscus, including the hydraulic permeability coefficients and solid matrix properties. Stress-relaxation tests were conducted on planar samples of canine meniscus samples of different orientations, and the solid matrix properties were determined from equilibrium data. A 3-D linear biphasic and tranversely isotropic finite element model was developed to model the stress-relaxation behavior of the samples in tension, and optimization was used to determine the permeability coefficients, k1 and k2, governing fluid flow parallel and perpendicular to the collagen fibers, respectively. The collagen fibrillar orientation was observed to have an effect on the Young's moduli (E1=67.8 MPa, E2=11.1 MPa) and Poisson's ratios (v12=2.13, v21 =1.50, v23=1.02). However, a significant effect of anisotropy on permeability was not detected (k1 =0.09x10(-16) m4/Ns, k2=0.10x10(-16) m4/Ns). The low permeability values determined in this study provide insight into the extent of fluid pressurization in the meniscus and will impact modeling predictions of load support in the meniscus.