Peter C Horak1, Stephen Meisenhelter1, Yinchen Song1,2, Markus E Testorf1,3, Michael J Kahana4, Weston D Viles5, Krzysztof A Bujarski1,2, Andrew C Connolly1, Ashlee A Robbins1, Michael R Sperling6, Ashwini D Sharan7, Gregory A Worrell8,9, Laura R Miller8,9, Robert E Gross10, Kathryn A Davis11, David W Roberts1,2,12, Bradley Lega13, Sameer A Sheth14, Kareem A Zaghloul15, Joel M Stein16, Sandhitsu R Das11, Daniel S Rizzuto4, Barbara C Jobst1,2. 1. Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, U.S.A. 2. Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, U.S.A. 3. Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, U.S.A. 4. Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. 5. Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, U.S.A. 6. Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. 7. Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. 8. Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A. 9. Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A. 10. Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A. 11. Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. 12. Department of Neurosurgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, U.S.A. 13. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A. 14. Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A. 15. Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. 16. Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) have been linked to memory impairment, but the spatial and temporal dynamics of this relationship remain elusive. In the present study, we aim to systematically characterize the brain areas and times at which IEDs affect memory. METHODS: Eighty epilepsy patients participated in a delayed free recall task while undergoing intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring. We analyzed the locations and timing of IEDs relative to the behavioral data in order to measure their effects on memory. RESULTS: Overall IED rates did not correlate with task performance across subjects (r = 0.03, p = 0.8). However, at a finer temporal scale, within-subject memory was negatively affected by IEDs during the encoding and recall periods of the task but not during the rest and distractor periods (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p = 0.3, and p = 0.8, respectively). The effects of IEDs during encoding and recall were stronger in the left hemisphere than in the right (p < 0.05). Of six brain areas analyzed, IEDs in the inferior-temporal, medial-temporal, and parietal areas significantly affected memory (false discovery rate < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: These findings reveal a network of brain areas sensitive to IEDs with key nodes in temporal as well as parietal lobes. They also demonstrate the time-dependent effects of IEDs in this network on memory. Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
OBJECTIVES:Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) have been linked to memory impairment, but the spatial and temporal dynamics of this relationship remain elusive. In the present study, we aim to systematically characterize the brain areas and times at which IEDs affect memory. METHODS: Eighty epilepsypatients participated in a delayed free recall task while undergoing intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring. We analyzed the locations and timing of IEDs relative to the behavioral data in order to measure their effects on memory. RESULTS: Overall IED rates did not correlate with task performance across subjects (r = 0.03, p = 0.8). However, at a finer temporal scale, within-subject memory was negatively affected by IEDs during the encoding and recall periods of the task but not during the rest and distractor periods (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p = 0.3, and p = 0.8, respectively). The effects of IEDs during encoding and recall were stronger in the left hemisphere than in the right (p < 0.05). Of six brain areas analyzed, IEDs in the inferior-temporal, medial-temporal, and parietal areas significantly affected memory (false discovery rate < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: These findings reveal a network of brain areas sensitive to IEDs with key nodes in temporal as well as parietal lobes. They also demonstrate the time-dependent effects of IEDs in this network on memory. Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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