Gesthimani Samiotaki1, Maria Eleni Karakatsani2, Amanda Buch1, Stephanos Papadopoulos1, Shih Ying Wu1, Sachin Jambawalikar3, Elisa E Konofagou4. 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, Biomedical Engineering, 630 West 168th Street, Physicians and Surgeons 19-418, Manhattan, NY 10032, United States. 2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, Biomedical Engineering, 630 West 168th Street, Physicians and Surgeons 19-418, Manhattan, NY 10032, United States. Electronic address: mek2204@columbia.edu. 3. Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 177 Ft. Washington Ave. Milstein Bldg Room 3-124B, New York, NY 10032, United States. 4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, Biomedical Engineering, 630 West 168th Street, Physicians and Surgeons 19-418, Manhattan, NY 10032, United States; Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 177 Ft. Washington Ave. Milstein Bldg Room 3-124B, New York, NY 10032, United States.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Focused Ultrasound (FUS) in conjunction with systemically administered microbubbles has been shown to open the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) locally, non-invasively and reversibly in rodents and non-human primates (NHP), suggesting the immense potential of this technique. The objective of this study entailed the investigation of the physiologic changes in the brain following the FUS-induced BBB opening and their relationship with the underlying anatomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pharmacokinetic analysis was implemented in NHP's that received FUS at various acoustic pressures. Relaxivity mapping enabled the robust quantitative detection of the BBB opening as well as grey and white matter segmentation. Drug delivery efficiency was measured for pre-clinical validation of the technique. RESULTS: Based on our results, the opening volume and the amount of the gadolinium delivered were found mostly contained in the grey matter, while FUS-induced permeability and drug concentration varied depending upon the underlying brain inhomogeneity, and increased with the acoustic pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, apart from the in vivo protocols for BBB analysis developed here, this study also suggests the important role that FUS can have in efficient drug delivery via localized and transient BBB opening. Copyright Â
PURPOSE: Focused Ultrasound (FUS) in conjunction with systemically administered microbubbles has been shown to open the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) locally, non-invasively and reversibly in rodents and non-human primates (NHP), suggesting the immense potential of this technique. The objective of this study entailed the investigation of the physiologic changes in the brain following the FUS-induced BBB opening and their relationship with the underlying anatomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pharmacokinetic analysis was implemented in NHP's that received FUS at various acoustic pressures. Relaxivity mapping enabled the robust quantitative detection of the BBB opening as well as grey and white matter segmentation. Drug delivery efficiency was measured for pre-clinical validation of the technique. RESULTS: Based on our results, the opening volume and the amount of the gadolinium delivered were found mostly contained in the grey matter, while FUS-induced permeability and drug concentration varied depending upon the underlying brain inhomogeneity, and increased with the acoustic pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, apart from the in vivo protocols for BBB analysis developed here, this study also suggests the important role that FUS can have in efficient drug delivery via localized and transient BBB opening. Copyright Â
Authors: E K Fram; R J Herfkens; G A Johnson; G H Glover; J P Karis; A Shimakawa; T G Perkins; N J Pelc Journal: Magn Reson Imaging Date: 1987 Impact factor: 2.546
Authors: P S Tofts; G Brix; D L Buckley; J L Evelhoch; E Henderson; M V Knopp; H B Larsson; T Y Lee; N A Mayr; G J Parker; R E Port; J Taylor; R M Weisskoff Journal: J Magn Reson Imaging Date: 1999-09 Impact factor: 4.813