Eveline P C J Janssen1,2, Marjolein de Vugt1, Sebastian Köhler1, Claire Wolfs1, Liselot Kerpershoek1, Ron L H Handels1, Martin Orrell3, Bob Woods4, Hannah Jelley4, Astrid Stephan5, Anja Bieber5, Gabriele Meyer5, Knut Engedal6, Geir Selbaek6, Anders Wimo7, Kate Irving8, Louise Hopper8, Manuel Gonçalves-Pereira9, Elisa Portolani10, Orazio Zanetti10, Frans R Verhey1. 1. a Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology , School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht , The Netherlands. 2. b Department of Old Age Psychiatry , Mondriaan , Heerlen , The Netherlands. 3. c Department of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences , Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom. 4. d Dementia Services Development Centre Wales , Bangor University , Bango , United Kingdom. 5. e Medical Faculty , Institute for Health and Nursing Science , Halle-Wittenberg , Germany. 6. f Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health , Vestfold Hospital Trust , Tønsberg , Norway. 7. g Department of Neurobiology, Care sciences and Society , Karolinska Institut , Stockholm , Sweden. 8. h School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University , Dublin , Ireland. 9. i CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center , Nova Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal. 10. j Alzheimer Unit , IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli , Brescia , Italy.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To identify caregiver profiles of persons with mild to moderate dementia and to investigate differences between identified caregiver profiles, using baseline data of the international prospective cohort study Actifcare. METHODS: A latent class analysis was used to discover different caregiver profiles based on disease related characteristics of 453 persons with dementia and their 453 informal caregivers. These profiles were compared with regard to quality of life (CarerQoL score), depressive symptoms (HADS-D score) and perseverance time. RESULTS: A 5-class model was identified, with the best Bayesian Information Criterion value, significant likelihood ratio test (p < 0.001), high entropy score (0.88) and substantive interpretability. The classes could be differentiated on two axes: (i) caregivers' age, relationship with persons with dementia, severity of dementia, and (ii) tendency towards stress and difficulty adapting to stress. Classes showed significant differences with all dependent variables, and were labelled 'older low strain', 'older intermediate strain', 'older high strain', 'younger low strain' and 'younger high strain'. CONCLUSION: Differences exist between types of caregivers that explain variability in quality of life, depressive symptoms and perseverance time. Our findings may give direction for tailored interventions for caregivers of persons with dementia, which may improve social health and reduce health care costs.
OBJECTIVES: To identify caregiver profiles of persons with mild to moderate dementia and to investigate differences between identified caregiver profiles, using baseline data of the international prospective cohort study Actifcare. METHODS: A latent class analysis was used to discover different caregiver profiles based on disease related characteristics of 453 persons with dementia and their 453 informal caregivers. These profiles were compared with regard to quality of life (CarerQoL score), depressive symptoms (HADS-D score) and perseverance time. RESULTS: A 5-class model was identified, with the best Bayesian Information Criterion value, significant likelihood ratio test (p < 0.001), high entropy score (0.88) and substantive interpretability. The classes could be differentiated on two axes: (i) caregivers' age, relationship with persons with dementia, severity of dementia, and (ii) tendency towards stress and difficulty adapting to stress. Classes showed significant differences with all dependent variables, and were labelled 'older low strain', 'older intermediate strain', 'older high strain', 'younger low strain' and 'younger high strain'. CONCLUSION: Differences exist between types of caregivers that explain variability in quality of life, depressive symptoms and perseverance time. Our findings may give direction for tailored interventions for caregivers of persons with dementia, which may improve social health and reduce health care costs.
Entities:
Keywords:
Dementia; caregivers; quality of life; social health; well-being
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