Nine new species of the spider genus Pireneitega Kishida, 1955 (Agelenidae, Coelotinae) from Xinjiang, China.

Nine new Pireneitega species collected from Xinjiang, China are described as new to science: Pireneitega burqinensis sp. n. (♂♀), Pireneitega fuyunensis sp. n. (♂♀), Pireneitega gongliuensis sp. n. (♂♀), Pireneitega huochengensis sp. n. (♂♀), Pireneitega lini sp. n. (♀), Pireneitega liui sp. n. (♂♀), Pireneitega wensuensis sp. n. (♂), Pireneitega wui sp. n. (♂) and Pireneitega yaoi sp. n. (♀). DNA barcodes were obtained for all these species for future use.

Introduction

The spider genus was established by Kishida (1955). Its type species is C.L. Koch, 1843 from Germany, considered to be a junior synonym of (Dufour, 1820). was for a long time regarded as a nomen nudum until Wang and Jäger (2007) found reasons to revalidate this name and to make Brignoli, 1982 its junior synonym. Currently, there are twenty-one valid species, distributed widely from the Iberian Peninsula to Japan and Sakhalin; eleven of them are known from East Asia, six are known from Central Asia, and other four from Europe (Li and Lin 2015, World Spider Catalog 2016). This paper provides descriptions of nine new species collected from Xinjiang in northwestern China.

Material and methods

Specimens were examined with a Leica M205C stereomicroscope. Images were captured with an Olympus C7070 wide zoom digital camera (7.1 megapixels) mounted on an Olympus SZX12 dissecting microscope. Epigynes and male palps were examined after dissection from the spiders’ bodies. The epigyne was cleared by boiling it in a 10% KOH solution before taking photos of the vulva.

All measurements were obtained using a Leica M205C stereomicroscope and are given in millimeters. Leg measurements are given as: Total length (femur, patella + tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). Only structures (palp and legs) of the left side of the body are described and measured. The terminology used in the text and the figure legends follows Wang (2002). Abbreviations used in this paper and in the figure legends are: A; ALE; AME; AME-ALE; AME-AME; ALE-PLE; CD; CF; CO; E; EB; ET; FD; H; MA; PA; PLE; PME; PME-PLE; PME-PME; R; RTA; ST; T; TC.

= epigynal atrium

= anterior lateral eye

= anterior median eye

= distance between AME and ALE

= distance between AME and AME

= distance between ALE and PLE

= copulatory duct

= cymbial furrow

= conductor

= embolus

= embolic base

= epigynal tooth

= fertilization duct

= epigynal hood

= median apophysis

= patellar apophysis

= posterior lateral eye

= posterior median eye

= distance between PME and PLE

= distance between PME and PME

= receptacle

= retroventral tibial apophysis

= subtegulum

= tegulum

= tip of conductor

DNA barcodes were obtained for future use. A partial fragment of the mitochondrial gene was amplified and sequenced for nine new species and one old species using Primers LCO1490-oono (5’-CWACAAAYCATARRGATATTGG-3’) (Folmer et al. 1994; Miller et al. 2010) and HCO2198-zz (5’-TAAACTTCCAGGTGACCAAAAAATCA-3’) (Folmer et al. 1994; Chen et al. 2015). For additional information on extraction, amplification, and sequencing procedures, see Zhao et al. 2013. All sequences were deposited in GenBank and the accession numbers are provided in Table 1.

Table 1.

Voucher specimen information.

Species	GenBank accession number	Sequence length	Collection localities
Pireneitega burqinensis sp. n.	KX011867	630bp	China: Xinjiang: Burqin
Pireneitega fuyunensis sp. n.	KX011859	630bp	China: Xinjiang: Fuyun
Pireneitega gongliuensis sp. n.	KX011862	630bp	China: Xinjiang: Gongliu
Pireneitega huochengensis sp. n.	KX011861	630bp	China: Xinjiang: Huocheng
Pireneitega lini sp. n.	KX011865	630bp	China: Xinjiang: Akto
Pireneitega liui sp. n.	KX011860	630bp	China: Xinjiang: Xinyuan
Pireneitega tianchiensis (Wang, Yin, Peng & Xie, 1990)	KX011858	630bp	China: Xinjiang: Changji
Pireneitega wensuensis sp. n.	KX011864	630bp	China: Xinjiang: Wensu
Pireneitega wui sp. n.	KX011866	630bp	China: Xinjiang: Kizilsu
Pireneitega yaoi sp. n.	KX011863	630bp	China: Xinjiang: Hoboksar

cytochrome oxidase subunit I

All of the specimens (including molecular vouchers) are deposited in the in Beijing, China.

Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Taxonomy

Family C.L. Koch, 1837 Subfamily F.O. P.-Cambridge, 1893

Kishida, 1955

Kishida, 1955: 21. Type species

Brignoli, 1982: 348. Type species

Diagnosis.

The chelicerae of all have 3 promarginal and 3 retromarginal teeth; other coelotines usually have 2 or 4 retromarginal teeth. The females of this genus can be separated from other coelotines by the widely separated long epigynal teeth, the large epigynal atrium with weakly sclerotized septum, and broad copulatory ducts (Fig. 6A–B); other coelotines usually have a small epigynal atrium, the short epigynal teeth and narrow copulatory ducts. The males of this genus can be distinguished from other coelotines by with an elongated and flattened conductor which is usually twisted into a circle horizontally or vertically and a large median apophysis (Fig. 1A–C); other coelotines usually have a broad or short conductor and a reduced or indistinct median apophysis.

Figure 6.

sp. n., female paratype and male holotype. A Epigyne, ventral view B Vulva, dorsal view C Male habitus, dorsal view D Female habitus, dorsal view E Female habitus, ventral view. Scale bars: equal for D, E.

Figure 1.

Left palp of sp. n., male holotype. A Prolateral view B Ventral view C Retrolateral view. Scale bar: equal for A, B, C.

Description.

Described in Wang (2002, sub ).

Composition.

Twenty-one species are known from Germany, Italy, Spain, France, Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Russia, South Korea, Japan and China (World Spider Catalog 2016). Eleven species were known from China before the current study, including (Wang et al., 1990) (♂♀), (Bao & Yin, 2004) (♀), (L. Koch, 1878) (♂♀), (Zhu & Wang, 1994) (♂♀), (Hu, 2001) (♀), (Simon, 1880) (♂♀), (Wang et al., 1990) (♂♀), Wang & Ono, 1998 (♂♀), (♂♀), (Zhu & Wang, 1991) (♂♀), and Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2002 (♂♀).

Zhao & Li sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/403E6B13-C543-4EE1-9387-6CB2F9F9005A

Figs 1 , 2 , 17

Figure 2.

sp. n., female paratype and male holotype. A Epigyne, ventral view B Vulva, dorsal view C Male habitus, dorsal view D Female habitus, dorsal view E Female habitus, ventral view. Scale bars: equal for D, E.

Figure 17.

Localities of new species from Xinjiang, China. 1 sp. n. 2 sp. n. 3 sp. n. 4 sp. n. 5 sp. n. 6 sp. n. 7 sp. n. 8 sp. n. 9 sp. n.

Type material.

Holotype ♂: China: Xinjiang, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Altay Prefecture: Burqin County, on the way from Jiadenyu to Hemu Village, birch forest, , 1469 m, 23.VII.2013, Z. Yao and Z. Zhao. Paratype: 1♀, same data as holotype.

Other material studied.

: 1♀1♂ (Figs 12–13): China: Xinjiang, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture: Fukang City, Crater Lake Scenic Spot (in Chinese: Tianchi), , 1878 m, 16.VII.2013, Z. Yao and Z. Zhao.

Figure 12.

Left palp of , male from Crater Lake. A Prolateral view B Ventral view C Retrolateral view. Scale bar: equal for A, B, C.

Figure 13.

, specimens from Crater Lake. A Epigyne, ventral view B Vulva, dorsal view C Male habitus, dorsal view D Female habitus, dorsal view E Female habitus, ventral view. Scale bars: equal for D, E.

Etymology.

The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective.

The male can be distinguished from all other species, except , by having narrow tibia and tarsus. From , it can be distinguished by the nearly trapezoidal embolic base (while has the nearly fingernail-shaped embolic base) (cf. Figs 1 and 12; Wang et al. 1990: figs 81–83). The female can be distinguished from all other species, except , by having the weakly sclerotized tip of septum and the closely spaced copulatory opening. From , it can be distinguished by the sharply narrowed epigynal teeth (while in the epigynal teeth are broad and nearly horn-shaped) (cf. Figs 2A–B and 13A–B; Wang et al. 1990: figs 84–85).

Male (holotype): Total length 12.25. Carapace 5.25 long, 4.25 wide. Abdomen 7.00 long, 4.00 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.27, ALE 0.28, PME 0.23, PLE 0.23; AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.06, PME-PME 0.17, PME-PLE 0.23. Leg measurements: I: 18.40 (5.50, 6.25, 4.50, 2.15); II: 17.25 (5.00, 6.00, 4.25, 2.00); III: 16.15 (4.75, 5.15, 4.25, 2.00); IV: 20.15 (5.75, 6.50, 5.75, 2.15). Carapace greenish, the radial grooves indistinct, with black lateral margins. Abdomen blackish, with yellow spots. Palp: patellar apophysis absent; tibia short, about 1/2 length of cymbium; RTA short, about 1/3 of tibial length, without pointed tip, extended beyond the tibia; cymbial furrow short, about 1/3 length of cymbium; conductor long, nearly hook-shaped, with one loop; median apophysis broad and nearly triangular; embolus with broad and nearly trapezoidal base, beginning at 6:30 o’clock position (Fig. 1A–C).

Female (paratype): Total length 9.50. Carapace 4.50 long, 3.60 wide. Abdomen 5.00 long, 3.00 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.20, ALE 0.25, PME 0.18, PLE 0.18; AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.23. Leg measurements: I: 17.90 (5.00, 6.00, 4.75, 2.15); II: 17.00 (5.00, 5.50, 4.50, 2.00); III: 16.00 (4.75, 5.00, 4.50, 1.75); IV: 19.75 (5.50, 6.00, 6.00, 2.25). Carapace reddish, with brown lateral margins. Abdomen blackish, with yellow sigilla. Epigyne: epigynal teeth light-colored and hyaline, about 0.5 times as long as epigynal atrium, located in anterior part of epigynal atrium; septum about 0.6 times as long as wide, nearly triangular; atrium about 1.2 times as long as wide, with weakly sclerotized posterior margin and nearly triangular, about two times as long as septum, subequal to the width of septum; receptacles about two times as long as wide, located in the posterior part of epigyne; copulatory opening indistinct; hoods indistinct (Fig. 2A–B).

Distribution.

Known only from the type locality (Fig. 17).

Zhao & Li sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/21C8277B-74D3-4C6D-9E4F-0F8C35E9DDD4

Figs 3 , 4 , 17

Figure 3.

Left palp of sp. n., male holotype. A Prolateral view B Ventral view C Retrolateral view. Scale bar: equal for A, B, C.

Figure 4.

sp. n., female paratype and male holotype. A Epigyne, ventral view B Vulva, dorsal view C Male habitus, dorsal view D Female habitus, dorsal view E Female habitus, ventral view. Scale bars: equal for D, E.

Holotype ♂: China: Xinjiang, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Altay Prefecture: Fuyun County, Ocoa Sea Breeze, Erqis Grand Canyon, on the way from the Carla Chale Waterfall to the Shenzhong Mountain, , 1355 m, 19.VII.2013, J. Liu, K. Meng, Z. Yao, and Z. Zhao. Paratypes: 4♀1♂, same data as holotype.

The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective.

The male can be distinguished from all other species, except sp. n. and , by having a hook-shaped conductor, and can be distinguished from these two species by the small and narrow median apophysis (the broad and nearly fins-shaped apophysis in sp. n. and ) PageBreak(cf. Figs 1, 3 and 12; Wang et al.1990: figs 81–83). The female can be distinguished from all other species, except sp. n. and , by having short receptacles and the large epigynal atrium, and can be distinguished from these two species by the receptacles, about 1.5 times as long as wide (about two times longer than wide in sp. n. and about 1.2 times in ) (cf. Figs 2A–B, 4A–B and 13A–B; Wang et al. 1990: figs 84–85).

Male (holotype): Total length 12.18. Carapace 5.45 long, 4.75 wide. Abdomen 6.73 long, 3.50 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.26, ALE 0.30, PME 0.25, PLE 0.25; AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-PME 0.20, PME-PLE 0.20. Leg measurements: I: 22.63 (6.25, 7.69, 6.09, 2.60); II: 22.15 (6.20, 7.45, 6.00, 2.50); III: 20.75 (5.50, 7.00, 6.00, 2.25); IV: 25.67 (7.05, 8.33, 7.69, 2.60). Carapace beige, the radial grooves indistinct. Abdomen blackish, with gray herringbone pattern. Palp: patellar apophysis absent; tibia long, about 1/2 length of the cymbium; RTA short, about 1/4 of tibial length; cymbial furrow short, about 1/4 PageBreakPageBreaklength of cymbium; conductor short, with tapering apex, with one loop; embolus with nearly tongue-shaped base, beginning at 7:00 o’clock position (Fig. 3A–C).

Female (one of paratypes): Total length 13.80. Carapace 5.25 long, 4.50 wide. Abdomen 8.55 long, 4.75 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.25, ALE 0.30, PME 0.24, PLE 0.24; AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE0.10, PME-PME 0.20, PME-PLE 0.28. Leg measurements: I: 18.75 (5.50, 6.50, 4.50, 2.25); II: 18.00 (5.25, 6.25, 4.50, 2.00); III: 16.98 (4.99, 5.74, 4.50, 1.75); IV: 21.60 (6.10, 7.25, 6.03, 2.22). Carapace yellowish, with brown lateral margins. Abdomen khaki, with yellow sigilla and herringbone pattern. Epigyne: epigynal teeth long and thin, about 0.8 times as long as epigynal atrium; septum about 0.5 times as long as wide, with the weakly sclerotized tip, nearly triangular; epigynal atrium about 1.5 times as long as wide, with well delimited posterior margin, about two times as long as septum, about 0.7 times as wide as septum; receptacles about 1.5 times as long as wide; copulatory opening distinct; hoods indistinct (Fig. 4A–B).

Known only from the type locality (Fig. 17).

Zhao & Li sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/31392283-8A5E-4011-9EEA-D84A3CB4D54B

Figs 5 , 6 , 17

Figure 5.

Left palp of sp. n., male holotype. A Prolateral view B Ventral view C Retrolateral view. Scale bar: equal for A, B, C.

Holotype ♂: China: Xinjiang, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture: Gongliu County, , 1515 m, 9.VIII.2013, J. Liu, K. Meng, Z. Yao, and Z. Zhao. Paratypes: 2♀2♂, same data as holotype.

The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective.

The male can be distinguished from all other species, except and , by having a broad conductor and thick patellar apophysis, and can be distinguished from these two species by the tapering tip of conductor (the rounded tip of conductor in and ) (cf. Fig. 5; Wang et al. 1990: figs 13–15; Zhang et al. 2002: figs 9–10). The female can be distinguished from all other species, except for , by having large copulatory ducts, and can be distinguished from this species by the short and thick epigynal teeth, about 0.5 times as long as epigynal atrium (the long and narrow epigynal teeth in , subequal to the length of epigynal atrium) (cf. Fig. 6A–B; Zhang et al. 2002: figs 7–8).

Male (holotype): Total length 13.27. Carapace 6.09 long, 4.49 wide. Abdomen 7.18 long, 3.21 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.20, ALE 0.20, PME 0.23, PLE 0.22; AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.08, PME-PME 0.13, PME-PLE 0.25. Leg measurements: I: 19.87 (5.14, 6.73, 5.00, 3.00); II: 18.50 (5.00, 6.00, 4.75, 2.75); III: 16.70 (4.60, 5.10, 4.50, 2.50); IV: 21.59 (5.45, 6.73, 6.41, 3.00). Carapace yellow. Abdomen gray, with nearly chevrons-shaped stripes. Palp: patellar apophysis long, more than half of the tibia; tibia short, about 1/4 of tarsus; RTA subequal to the tibial length; cymbial furrow long, more than half of cymbium; conductor broad and long, with two loops; embolus with broad base, beginning at 5:30 o’clock position (Fig. 5A–C).

Female (one of paratypes): Total length 12.18. Carapace 5.13 long, 3.80 wide. Abdomen 7.05 long, 3.50 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.20, ALE 0.25, PME 0.21, PLE 0.22; AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE0.07, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.20. Leg measurements: I: 15.28 (4.50, 5.26, 3.40, 2.12); II: 14.91 (4.40, 5.13, 3.33, 2.05); III: 12.99 (3.72, 4.17, 3.30, 1.80); IV: 17.96 (4.75, 5.96, 5.00, 2.25). Carapace yellowish. Abdomen gray, with green spots. Epigyne: epigynal teeth about 0.5 times as long as atrium, light-colored; septum about 0.5 times as long as wide; atrium large, the length subequal to the width, with weakly sclerotized posterior margin, about 1.3 times as long as septum, about 0.6 times as long as septum; receptacles about 1.5 times as long as wide, almost covered by copulatory ducts; copulatory opening distinct; hoods distinct (Fig. 6A–B).

Known only from the type locality (Fig. 17).

Zhao & Li sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/C537A7D3-8C52-4740-A699-0C104A51640C

Figs 7 , 8 , 17

Figure 7.

Left palp of sp. n., male holotype. A Prolateral view B Ventral view C Retrolateral view. Scale bar: equal for A, B, C.

Figure 8.

sp. n., female paratype and male holotype. A Epigyne, ventral view B Vulva, dorsal view C Male habitus, dorsal view D Female habitus, dorsal view E Female habitus, ventral view. Scale bars: equal for D, E.

Holotype ♂: China: Xinjiang, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture: Huocheng County, Sarbulak town, , 987 m, 4.VIII.2013, J. Liu, K. Meng, Z. Yao, and Z. Zhao. Paratypes: 3♀3♂, same data as holotype.

The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective.

The male can be distinguished from all other species, except sp. n., and , by having a broad conductor and thick patellar apophysis, and can be distinguished from these species by the blunt tip of patellar apophysis (the tapering tip in and , the nearly rectangular in sp. n.) (cf. Figs 5 and 7; Wang et al. 1990: figs 13–15; Zhang et al. 2002: figs 9–10). The female can be distinguished from all other species, except for sp. n., by having long and broad epigynal teeth, and can be PageBreakPageBreakdistinguished from this species by the blunt tip of epigynal teeth (the tapering tip in sp. n.) (cf. Figs 6A–B and 8A–B).

Male (holotype): Total length 11.54. Carapace 5.13 long, 3.60 wide. Abdomen 6.41 long, 3.00 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.20, ALE 0.24, PME 0.24, PLE 0.24; AME-AME 0.12, AME-ALE 0.06, PME-PME 0.14, PME-PLE 0.16. Leg measurements: I: 15.15 (4.00, 5.20, 3.75, 2.20); II: 14.15 (3.75, 4.75, 3.65, 2.00); III: 13.30 (3.50, 4.25, 3.75, 1.80); IV: 17.50 (4.75, 5.40, 5.10, 2.25). Carapace yellow. Abdomen black, with 2 types of spots, one group yellow, and another transversal spots. Palp: patellar apophysis long, subequal to the tibial length; tibia short, about 1/4 of the cymbium length; RTA long, subequal to the tibial length; cymbial furrow short, about 1/3 length of cymbium; conductor broad, with broad apex, with two loops; embolus with broad base, beginning at 6:00 o’clock position (Fig. 7A–C).

Female (one of paratypes): Total length 9.94. Carapace 4.49 long, 3.05 wide. Abdomen 5.45 long, 2.90 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.18, ALE 0.23, PME 0.24, PLE 0.30; AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.10. Leg measurements: I: 11.25 (3.25, 4.00, 2.50, 1.50); II: 10.30 (3.00, 3.50, 2.50, 1.30); III: 9.70 (2.75, 3.00, 2.65, 1.30); IV: 13.75 (3.75, 4.25, 4.00, 1.75). Carapace yellow, with brown lateral margins. Abdomen yellow, with black and nearly chevrons-shaped stripes. Epigyne: epigynal teeth thick, about 0.7 times as long as epigynal atrium; septum with the well delimited tip, about 0.3 times as long as wide; atrium with well delimited posterior margin, the length subequal to the width, about 2.3 times as long as septum, about 0.8 times as wide as septum; receptacles long, about 2.7 times as long as wide; copulatory opening distinct; hoods indistinct (Fig. 8A–B).

Known only from the type locality (Fig. 17).

Zhao & Li sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/8269EC62-A11C-4CAC-A2E9-A8D1CAC6B1A3

Figs 9 , 17

Figure 9.

sp. n., female holotype. A Epigyne, ventral view B Vulva, dorsal view C Female habitus, dorsal view D Female habitus, dorsal view E Female habitus, ventral view. Scale bars: equal for C, D, E.

Holotype ♀: China: Xinjiang, Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture: Akto County, , 1833 m, 2.VIII.2014, Y. Lin.

The specific name is a patronym in honor of the collector Yucheng Lin; noun (name) in genitive case.

The female can be distinguished from all other species, except for , by having spiral receptacles, and can be distinguished from this species by the narrow and straight epigynal teeth (the broad and bent epigynal teeth in ) (cf. Fig. 9A–B; Zhu and Wang 1994: figs 5–6).

Female (holotype): Total length 13.82. Carapace 5.49 long, 4.50 wide. Abdomen 8.33 long, 4.50 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.25, ALE 0.30, PME 0.25, PLE 0.24; AME-AME 0.10, AME-ALE 0.08, PME-PME 0.19, PME-PLE 0.25. Leg measurements: I: 18.14 (5.00, 6.41, 4.17 2.56); II: 16.99 (4.81, 5.77, 4.17, 2.24); III: 16.69 (4.49, 5.45, 4.50, 2.25); IV: 21.68 (5.78, 6.73, 6.41, 2.76). Carapace yellow. Abdomen beige, with gray spots. Epigyne: epigynal teeth long and narrow, about 0.7 times as long as epigynal atrium; septum with the well delimited tip, about 0.6 times as long as wide; epigynal atrium with well delimited posterior margin, about two times as long as wide, about 2.5 times as long as septum, about 0.7 times as wide as septum; receptacles long, about three times as long as wide, mightily spiral; copulatory opening distinct; hoods distinct (Fig. 9A–B).

Known only from the type locality (Fig. 17).

Zhao & Li sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/A633D7BA-526B-4393-BFD9-DDFE370EC052

Figs 10 , 11 , 17

Figure 10.

Left palp of sp. n., male holotype. A Prolateral view B Ventral view C Retrolateral view. Scale bar: equal for A, B, C.

Figure 11.

sp. n., female paratype and male holotype. A Epigyne, ventral view B Vulva, dorsal view C Male habitus, dorsal view D Female habitus, dorsal view E Female habitus, ventral view. Scale bars: equal for D, E.

Holotype ♂: China: Xinjiang, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture: Xinyuan County, , 2010 m, 12.VIII.2013, J. Liu. Paratype: 1♀, same data as holotype.

The specific name is a patronym in honor of the collector Jincheng Liu; noun (name) in genitive case.

The male can be easily distinguished from all the other species, except , by having a long and narrow conductor, and can be distinguished from this species by the blunt tip of the patellar apophysis (the tapering tip of conductor and the patellar apophysis in ) (cf. Fig. 10; Zhu and Wang 1994: figs 7–8). The female can be distinguished from all other species, except (Kroneberg, 1875) by having the nearly trapezoidal epigynal atrium, and can be distinguished from this species by the abrupt tip of epigynal teeth (the pointed tip of teeth in ) (cf. Fig. 11A–B; Kroneberg 1875: fig. 6).

Male (holotype): Total length 8.25. Carapace 3.75 long, 2.85 wide. Abdomen 4.50 long, 2.50 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.18, ALE 0.25, PME 0.18, PLE 0.18; AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.10, PME-PLE 0.18. Leg measurements: I: 12.55 (3.50, 4.25, 2.80, 2.00); II: 11.75 (3.25, 3.75, 3.00, 1.75); III: 11.00 (3.00, 3.50, 3.00, 1.50); IV: 15.00 (4.00, 4.50, 4.50, 2.00). Carapace yellow, the radial grooves indistinct, with black lateral margins. Abdomen brown, with yellow herringbone pattern. Palp: patellar apophysis thick, with the blunt tip; RTA long, subequal to the length of tibia, without pointed tip; cymbial furrow short, about 1/3 length of cymbium; conductor broad and curving, with blunt apex; median apophysis small, with pointed tip; embolus with broad base, beginning at 6:00 o’clock position (Fig. 10A–C).

Female (paratype): Total length 8.75. Carapace 4.00 long, 3.25 wide. Abdomen 4.75 long, 3.00 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.18, ALE 0.25, PME 0.20, PLE 0.20; AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.08, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.23. Leg PageBreakmeasurements: I: 11.40 (3.25, 4.00, 2.65, 1.50); II: 10.90 (3.25, 3.65, 2.50, 1.50); III: 10.25 (3.00, 3.25, 2.50, 1.50); IV: 13.00 (3.75, 4.25, 3.50, 1.50). Carapace yellow, with black lateral margins. Abdomen blackish, with yellow herringbone pattern. Epigyne: epigynal teeth broad and blunt, about 0.5 times as long as atrium; septum with the well delimited tip, about 0.5 times as long as wide; atrium with well delimited posterior margin, about 0.7 times as long as wide, about two times as long as septum, about 0.7 times as wide as septum; receptacles long, about 1.7 times as long as wide; copulatory opening distinct; hoods distinct (Fig. 11A–B).

Known only from the type locality (Fig. 17).

Zhao & Li sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/0CFFC8E7-622A-4D9B-9F05-21D001F4B1AC

Figs 14 , 17

Figure 14.

Left palp of sp. n., male holotype. A Prolateral view B Ventral view C Retrolateral view. Scale bar: equal for A, B, C.

Holotype ♂: China: Xinjiang, Aksu Prefecture, Wensu County, Bozidun Kirgiz Village, , 1991 m, 22.VII.2014, J. Wu.

The specific name refers to the type locality; adjective.

The male can be distinguished from all other species, except sp. n., sp. n. and , by having a hook-shaped conductor and the small bulb, and can be distinguished from these species by the long tibia, subequal to the length of cymbium (the short tibia, about 1/2 length of cymbium, in sp. n., sp. n. and ) (cf. Figs 1, 3, 12 and 14; Wang et al. 1990: figs 81–83).

Male (holotype): Total length 11.75. Carapace 4.50 long, 3.75 wide. Abdomen 7.25 long, 4.25 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.20, ALE 0.30, PME 0.25, PLE 0.25; AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.13, PME-PLE 0.13. Leg measurements: I: 16.75 (5.00, 5.75, 3.75, 2.25); II: 15.75 (4.50, 5.50, 3.75, 2.00); III: 15.25 (4.50, 5.00, 3.75, 2.00); IV: 19.75 (5.50, 6.25, 5.50, 2.50). Carapace yellow, the radial grooves indistinct, with black lateral margins. Abdomen blackish, with yellow spots. Palp: patellar apophysis absent; palpal tibia long; RTA short, about 1/4 of tibial length; cymbial furrow short, about 1/5 length of cymbium; conductor short, with blunt apex; median apophysis broad and nearly the flipper-shaped; embolus with broad and nearly square base, beginning at 6:30 o’clock position (Fig. 14A–C).

Known only from the type locality (Fig. 17).

Zhao & Li sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/D015D5F3-5D22-4545-8C81-FFFA6FE956FC

Figs 15 , 17

Figure 15.

Left palp of sp. n., male holotype. A Prolateral view B Ventral view C Retrolateral view. Scale bar: equal for A, B, C.

Holotype ♂: China: Xinjiang, Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture, Akqi County, , 3020 m, 25.VII.2014, J. Wu.

The specific name is a patronym in honor of the collector Jianglang Wu; noun (name) in genitive case.

The male can be distinguished from all other species, except by having bended and narrow conductor, and can be distinguished from this species by the blunt tip of median apophysis (the tapering tip of median apophysis in ) (cf. Fig. 15; Brignoli 1978: figs 117–121).

Male (holotype): Total length 8.98. Carapace 3.85 long, 2.75 wide. Abdomen 5.13 long, 3.00 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.18, PageBreakALE 0.23, PME 0.20, PLE 0.20; AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.05, PME-PME 0.10, PME-PLE 0.10. Leg measurements: I: 14.75 (4.25, 5.25, 3.25, 2.00); II: 13.00 (3.50, 4.50, 3.00, 2.00); III: 12.25 (3.50, 4.00, 3.25, 1.50); IV: 17.50 (5.00, 5.25, 5.00, 2.25). Carapace yellow. Abdomen beige, with gray spots. Palp: patellar apophysis thick; palpal tibia short, about 1/3 of cymbial length; RTA short, about 1/3 of tibial length; cymbial furrow short, about 1/3 length of cymbium; conductor narrow, with the tapering tip; median apophysis broad and nearly triangular; embolus with broad and nearly trapezoidal base, beginning at 7:00 o’clock position (Fig. 15A–C).

Known only from the type locality (Fig. 17).

Zhao & Li sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/9DFF584F-38EA-4FC3-AED2-176969E0D309

Figs 16 , 17

Figure 16.

sp. n., female holotype. A Epigyne, ventral view B Vulva, dorsal view C Female habitus, dorsal view D Female habitus, dorsal view E Female habitus, ventral view. Scale bars: equal for C, D, E.

Holotype ♀: China: Xinjiang, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture: Tacheng (Tarbagatay) Prefecture, Hoboksar Mongol Autonomous County, Songshugou, , 1858 m, 29.VII.2013, Z. Yao and Z. Zhao. Paratype: 1♀, same data as holotype.

The specific name is a patronym in honor of the collector Zhiyuan Yao; noun (name) in genitive case.

The female can be distinguished from all other species, except sp. n., sp. n. and , by having the weakly sclerotized tip of septum. It can be distinguished from these three species by the nearly rectangular epigynal atrium (while sp. n. has a nearly triangular atrium; and and sp. n., large and nearly square-shaped atrium) (cf. Figs 2A–B, 4A–B, 6A–B and 16A–B; Wang et al. 1990: figs 84–85).

Female (holotype): Total length 12.25. Carapace 5.00 long, 4.25 wide. Abdomen 7.25 long, 4.50 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.23, ALE 0.27, PME 0.23, PLE 0.25; AME-AME 0.12, AME-ALE 0.08, PME-PME 0.13, PME-PLE 0.25. Leg measurements: I: 16.05 (4.90, 5.35, 3.75, 2.05); II: 15.55 (4.75, 5.05, 3.75, 2.00); III: 14.75 (4.50, 4.75, 3.50, 2.00); IV: 17.20 (5.00, 6.05, 4.05, 2.10). Carapace yellow, with black lateral margins. Abdomen greyish white. Epigyne: teeth long, subequal to the length of epigynal atrium; septum with weakly sclerotized posterior margin, about 0.3 times as long as wide; atrium with well delimited posterior margin, about 0.8 times as long as wide, about 1.7 times as long as septum, about 0.7 times as wide as septum; receptacles long, about 1.3 times as long as wide; copulatory opening indistinct; hoods indistinct (Fig. 16A–B).

Known only from the type locality (Fig. 17).