Samaneh Farsijani1, José A Morais2, Hélène Payette3, Pierrette Gaudreau4, Bryna Shatenstein5, Katherine Gray-Donald6, Stéphanie Chevalier7. 1. School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition and Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 2. School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition and Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 3. Research Center on Aging- CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; 4. Departments of Medicine and Research Center Hospital of the University of Montreal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and. 5. Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Center, Geriatric Institute of University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 6. School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition and. 7. School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition and Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; stephanie.chevalier@mcgill.ca.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that an even protein intake distribution across meals increased 24-h muscle protein synthesis in young adults compared with a skewed intake. Whether this short-term result translates into long-term preservation of lean mass (LM) in older adults remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to examine the extent to which protein quantity and distribution are associated with LM and appendicular LM (aLM), and their 2-y decline, in community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN: Baseline and 2-y follow-up data from 351 men and 361 women (aged 67-84 y) in the NuAge study (Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition as a Determinant of Successful Aging) with available body-composition data (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were used. Food intake was assessed with the use of three 24-h food recalls collected at baseline and 3 collected at the 2-y follow-up. Protein distribution across meals was calculated as the CV of protein ingested per meal, with lower values reflecting evenness of protein intake. Linear mixed-model analysis was performed to examine changes in LM and aLM across time, by sex, as conditioned by the quantity and distribution of protein intake, adjusted for potential covariates. RESULTS: Over 2 y, LM declined in both men (-2.5% ± 4.0%) and women (-2.0% ± 3.4%) (P < 0.05), whereas aLM loss was not significant (men: -1.5% ± 4.8%; women: -1.2% ± 5.3%; P > 0.05). The decline in LM was not independently affected by the quantity and distribution of protein intake. Yet men and women with evenly distributed protein intakes and men with high protein intakes showed higher LM or aLM throughout the entire follow-up period, even after potential confounders were controlled for (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that greater protein intakes and a more even distribution across meals are modifiable factors associated with higher muscle mass in older adults but not with losses over 2 y. Interventional studies should determine longer-term effects on preserving LM with aging.
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that an even protein intake distribution across meals increased 24-h muscle protein synthesis in young adults compared with a skewed intake. Whether this short-term result translates into long-term preservation of lean mass (LM) in older adults remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to examine the extent to which protein quantity and distribution are associated with LM and appendicular LM (aLM), and their 2-y decline, in community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN: Baseline and 2-y follow-up data from 351 men and 361 women (aged 67-84 y) in the NuAge study (Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition as a Determinant of Successful Aging) with available body-composition data (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were used. Food intake was assessed with the use of three 24-h food recalls collected at baseline and 3 collected at the 2-y follow-up. Protein distribution across meals was calculated as the CV of protein ingested per meal, with lower values reflecting evenness of protein intake. Linear mixed-model analysis was performed to examine changes in LM and aLM across time, by sex, as conditioned by the quantity and distribution of protein intake, adjusted for potential covariates. RESULTS: Over 2 y, LM declined in both men (-2.5% ± 4.0%) and women (-2.0% ± 3.4%) (P < 0.05), whereas aLM loss was not significant (men: -1.5% ± 4.8%; women: -1.2% ± 5.3%; P > 0.05). The decline in LM was not independently affected by the quantity and distribution of protein intake. Yet men and women with evenly distributed protein intakes and men with high protein intakes showed higher LM or aLM throughout the entire follow-up period, even after potential confounders were controlled for (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that greater protein intakes and a more even distribution across meals are modifiable factors associated with higher muscle mass in older adults but not with losses over 2 y. Interventional studies should determine longer-term effects on preserving LM with aging.
Authors: Sara Y Oikawa; Michael J Kamal; Erin K Webb; Chris McGlory; Steven K Baker; Stuart M Phillips Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2020-03-01 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Margrit Richter; Kurt Baerlocher; Jürgen M Bauer; Ibrahim Elmadfa; Helmut Heseker; Eva Leschik-Bonnet; Gabriele Stangl; Dorothee Volkert; Peter Stehle Journal: Ann Nutr Metab Date: 2019-03-22 Impact factor: 3.374
Authors: S M Robinson; J Y Reginster; R Rizzoli; S C Shaw; J A Kanis; I Bautmans; H Bischoff-Ferrari; O Bruyère; M Cesari; B Dawson-Hughes; R A Fielding; J M Kaufman; F Landi; V Malafarina; Y Rolland; L J van Loon; B Vellas; M Visser; C Cooper Journal: Clin Nutr Date: 2017-08-24 Impact factor: 7.324