Yoshihiro Takasugi1, Koichi Futagawa2, Kouhei Kazuhara3, Satoshi Morishita3, Takahiko Okuda2. 1. Department of Anesthesiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan. dzc01654@nifty.com. 2. Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Hospital, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 1248-1 Otodacho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0293, Japan. 3. Product Development Research Center, Daiken Medical Co. Ltd., 2-6-2, Ayumino, Izumi, Osaka, 594-1157, Japan.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The endotracheal tube (ETT) constitutes a significant component of total airway resistance. However, a discrepancy between measured and theoretical values has been reported in airway resistance through ETTs. The causes of the discrepancy were estimated by physical and rheological simulations. METHODS: The pressure losses through total lengths of ETTs and slip joints under a volumetric flow rate of 30 L/min were measured, and the pressure losses through the tubular parts of ETTs with internal diameters (IDs) of 6.0-, 6.5-, 7.0-, 7.5-, and 8.0 mm were measured. The Reynolds number of each setting was calculated, and the pressure losses through the total length of the ETT, the tubular part, and the slip joint of each size of tube were estimated. RESULTS: The Reynolds numbers were >5000 in all sizes of ETTs. Measured pressure losses were larger in small sized ETTs than in large sized ETTs-520.9 Pascals (Pa) in 6.0-mm ID and 136.4 Pa in 8.0-mm ID tubes. The measured pressure losses through the tubular part were comparable to the predicted values. The measured pressure losses through the slip joints were larger than the predicted values, and they accounted for approximately 25-40% of total pressure losses of the ETTs. CONCLUSION: Especially in small sized tubes, the pressure loss through the slip joint accounts for a large percentage of the total pressure loss through the ETT. The pressure loss through the slip joint may play a role in the discrepancy between measured and theoretical pressure losses through ETTs.
PURPOSE: The endotracheal tube (ETT) constitutes a significant component of total airway resistance. However, a discrepancy between measured and theoretical values has been reported in airway resistance through ETTs. The causes of the discrepancy were estimated by physical and rheological simulations. METHODS: The pressure losses through total lengths of ETTs and slip joints under a volumetric flow rate of 30 L/min were measured, and the pressure losses through the tubular parts of ETTs with internal diameters (IDs) of 6.0-, 6.5-, 7.0-, 7.5-, and 8.0 mm were measured. The Reynolds number of each setting was calculated, and the pressure losses through the total length of the ETT, the tubular part, and the slip joint of each size of tube were estimated. RESULTS: The Reynolds numbers were >5000 in all sizes of ETTs. Measured pressure losses were larger in small sized ETTs than in large sized ETTs-520.9 Pascals (Pa) in 6.0-mm ID and 136.4 Pa in 8.0-mm ID tubes. The measured pressure losses through the tubular part were comparable to the predicted values. The measured pressure losses through the slip joints were larger than the predicted values, and they accounted for approximately 25-40% of total pressure losses of the ETTs. CONCLUSION: Especially in small sized tubes, the pressure loss through the slip joint accounts for a large percentage of the total pressure loss through the ETT. The pressure loss through the slip joint may play a role in the discrepancy between measured and theoretical pressure losses through ETTs.
Authors: A G Flevari; N Maniatis; T E Kremiotis; I Siempos; A P Betrosian; C Roussos; E Douzinas; A Armaganidis Journal: Anaesth Intensive Care Date: 2011-05 Impact factor: 1.669