Benoît Pallas1, David Da Silva2, Pierre Valsesia3, Weiwei Yang4, Olivier Guillaume2, Pierre-Eric Lauri2, Gilles Vercambre3, Michel Génard3, Evelyne Costes2. 1. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1334 AGAP, CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, F-34398 Montpellier, France, pallas@supagro.inra.fr. 2. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1334 AGAP, CIRAD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro, F-34398 Montpellier, France. 3. INRA, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, F-84914 Avignon, France and. 4. College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Plant growth depends on carbon availability and allocation among organs. QualiTree has been designed to simulate carbon allocation and partitioning in the peach tree (Prunus persica), whereas MappleT is dedicated to the simulation of apple tree (Malus × domestica) architecture. The objective of this study was to couple both models and adapt QualiTree to apple trees to simulate organ growth traits and their within-tree variability. METHODS: MappleT was used to generate architectures corresponding to the 'Fuji' cultivar, accounting for the variability within and among individuals. These architectures were input into QualiTree to simulate shoot and fruit growth during a growth cycle. We modified QualiTree to account for the observed shoot polymorphism in apple trees, i.e. different classes (long, medium and short) that were characterized by different growth function parameters. Model outputs were compared with observed 3D tree geometries, considering shoot and final fruit size and growth dynamics. KEY RESULTS: The modelling approach connecting MappleT and QualiTree was appropriate to the simulation of growth and architectural characteristics at the tree scale (plant leaf area, shoot number and types, fruit weight at harvest). At the shoot scale, mean fruit weight and its variability within trees was accurately simulated, whereas the model tended to overestimate individual shoot leaf area and underestimate its variability for each shoot type. Varying the parameter related to the intensity of carbon exchange between shoots revealed that behaviour intermediate between shoot autonomy and a common assimilate pool was required to properly simulate within-tree fruit growth variability. Moreover, the model correctly dealt with the crop load effect on organ growth. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides understanding of the integration of shoot ontogenetic properties, carbon supply and transport between entities for simulating organ growth in trees. Further improvements regarding the integration of retroaction loops between carbon allocation and the resulting plant architecture are expected to allow multi-year simulations.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Plant growth depends on carbon availability and allocation among organs. QualiTree has been designed to simulate carbon allocation and partitioning in the peach tree (Prunus persica), whereas MappleT is dedicated to the simulation of apple tree (Malus × domestica) architecture. The objective of this study was to couple both models and adapt QualiTree to apple trees to simulate organ growth traits and their within-tree variability. METHODS: MappleT was used to generate architectures corresponding to the 'Fuji' cultivar, accounting for the variability within and among individuals. These architectures were input into QualiTree to simulate shoot and fruit growth during a growth cycle. We modified QualiTree to account for the observed shoot polymorphism in apple trees, i.e. different classes (long, medium and short) that were characterized by different growth function parameters. Model outputs were compared with observed 3D tree geometries, considering shoot and final fruit size and growth dynamics. KEY RESULTS: The modelling approach connecting MappleT and QualiTree was appropriate to the simulation of growth and architectural characteristics at the tree scale (plant leaf area, shoot number and types, fruit weight at harvest). At the shoot scale, mean fruit weight and its variability within trees was accurately simulated, whereas the model tended to overestimate individual shoot leaf area and underestimate its variability for each shoot type. Varying the parameter related to the intensity of carbon exchange between shoots revealed that behaviour intermediate between shoot autonomy and a common assimilate pool was required to properly simulate within-tree fruit growth variability. Moreover, the model correctly dealt with the crop load effect on organ growth. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides understanding of the integration of shoot ontogenetic properties, carbon supply and transport between entities for simulating organ growth in trees. Further improvements regarding the integration of retroaction loops between carbon allocation and the resulting plant architecture are expected to allow multi-year simulations.
Authors: Kaare Hartvig Jensen; Daniel Leroy Mullendore; Noel Michele Holbrook; Tomas Bohr; Michael Knoblauch; Henrik Bruus Journal: Front Plant Sci Date: 2012-07-13 Impact factor: 5.753
Authors: Ming Wang; Neil White; Volker Grimm; Helen Hofman; David Doley; Grant Thorp; Bronwen Cribb; Ella Wherritt; Liqi Han; John Wilkie; Jim Hanan Journal: Ann Bot Date: 2018-04-18 Impact factor: 4.357
Authors: Ming Wang; Neil White; Jim Hanan; Di He; Enli Wang; Bronwen Cribb; Darren J Kriticos; Dean Paini; Volker Grimm Journal: Ann Bot Date: 2020-09-14 Impact factor: 4.357
Authors: Nasrullah Khan; Rafi Ullah; Saud S Alamri; Yasmeen A Alwasel; Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi; Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoud; Mohammad K Okla; Hamada AbdElgawad Journal: Front Plant Sci Date: 2022-06-27 Impact factor: 6.627