K D Denstel1, S T Broyles1, R Larouche2, O L Sarmiento3, T V Barreira4, J-P Chaput2, T S Church1, M Fogelholm5, G Hu1, R Kuriyan6, A Kurpad6, E V Lambert7, C Maher8, J Maia9, V Matsudo10, T Olds8, V Onywera11, M Standage12, M S Tremblay2, C Tudor-Locke13, P Zhao14, P T Katzmarzyk1. 1. Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Baton Rouge, LA, USA. 2. Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 3. School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes , Bogotá, Colombia. 4. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Exercise Science, University of Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA. 5. Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland. 6. St Johns Research Institute , Bangalore, India. 7. Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South Africa. 8. Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. 9. CIFI2D, Faculdade de Desporto, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal. 10. Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul (CELAFISCS) , São Paulo, Brazil. 11. Department of Recreation Management and Exercise Science, Kenyatta University , Nairobi, Kenya. 12. Department for Health, University of Bath , Bath, UK. 13. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA. 14. Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center , Tianjin, China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Active school transport (AST) may increase the time that children spend in physical activity (PA). This study examined relationships between AST and weekday moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary time (SED) and total activity during naturally organized time periods (daily, before school, during school and after school) in a sample of children from 12 countries. METHODS: The sample included 6224 children aged 9-11 years. PA and sedentary time were objectively measured using Actigraph accelerometers. AST was self-reported by participants. Multilevel generalized linear and logistic regression statistical models were used to determine associations between PA, SED and AST across and within study sites. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, highest parental educational attainment, BMI z-score and accelerometer wear time, children who engaged in AST accumulated significantly more weekday MVPA during all studied time periods and significantly less time in LPA before school compared with children who used motorized transport to school. AST was unrelated to time spent in sedentary behaviors. Across all study sites, AST was associated with 6.0 min (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.7-7.3; P<0.0001) more of weekday MVPA; however, there was some evidence that this differed across study sites (P for interaction=0.06). Significant positive associations were identified within 7 of 12 study sites, with differences ranging from 4.6 min (95% CI: 0.3-8.9; P=0.04, in Canada) to 10.2 min (95% CI: 5.9-14.4; P<0.0001, in Brazil) more of daily MVPA among children who engaged in AST compared with motorized transport. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that AST was associated with children spending more time engaged in MVPA throughout the day and less time in LPA before school. AST represents a good behavioral target to increase levels of PA in children.
OBJECTIVES: Active school transport (AST) may increase the time that children spend in physical activity (PA). This study examined relationships between AST and weekday moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary time (SED) and total activity during naturally organized time periods (daily, before school, during school and after school) in a sample of children from 12 countries. METHODS: The sample included 6224 children aged 9-11 years. PA and sedentary time were objectively measured using Actigraph accelerometers. AST was self-reported by participants. Multilevel generalized linear and logistic regression statistical models were used to determine associations between PA, SED and AST across and within study sites. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, highest parental educational attainment, BMI z-score and accelerometer wear time, children who engaged in AST accumulated significantly more weekday MVPA during all studied time periods and significantly less time in LPA before school compared with children who used motorized transport to school. AST was unrelated to time spent in sedentary behaviors. Across all study sites, AST was associated with 6.0 min (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.7-7.3; P<0.0001) more of weekday MVPA; however, there was some evidence that this differed across study sites (P for interaction=0.06). Significant positive associations were identified within 7 of 12 study sites, with differences ranging from 4.6 min (95% CI: 0.3-8.9; P=0.04, in Canada) to 10.2 min (95% CI: 5.9-14.4; P<0.0001, in Brazil) more of daily MVPA among children who engaged in AST compared with motorized transport. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that AST was associated with children spending more time engaged in MVPA throughout the day and less time in LPA before school. AST represents a good behavioral target to increase levels of PA in children.
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