On fully automatic feature measurement for banded chromosome classification.

Procedures for fully automatic location of chromosome axis and centromere in metaphase chromosomes are described for a practical interactive chromosome analysis system that omits the usual stages of interactive axis and centromere correction. Accuracy of centromere finding and consequential determination of a chromosome's polarity, i.e., which end is which, is measured experimentally. The saving in interaction by not correcting centromeres is compared to the increase in errors at the classification stage and the consequent increase in interaction needed to correct these errors. Some previously unreported features for banded chromosome classification are described, and in particular a set of global shape features is introduced. The discrimination capability of the feature measurements is evaluated by use of simple statistics and by reference to the performance of classifiers trained with various feature subsets. Class discrimination capability of the global shape feature set is shown to be comparable to that of centromere position, a widely used local shape feature. The variability of feature measurements that might occur in data from different laboratories on account of differing tissue, preparation methods, and digitiser hardware is assessed using three data bases of G-banded human metaphase cells. It is shown that the differences can be considerable and that appropriate feature selection and classifier training substantially improve classification performance.