Immobilized artificial membrane chromatography: supports composed of membrane lipids.

Cell membranes provide an environment for several types of molecular processes and we are attempting to mimic the cell membranes' environment on a chromatography solid support. Chromatography solid supports utilizing lecithin as the bonded phase were synthesized and the HPLC behavior of hydrophilic peptides evaluated. A diC14 lecithin containing a terminal carboxy group on the C2 fatty acid chain was amidated with the surface amines of Nucleosil-300 (7NH2) silica particles. Based on elemental analysis, lecithin was coupled to Nucleosil-300 (7NH2) at a surface density near that of lecithin found in biological membranes and this novel chromatographic support material is denoted as Nucleosil-lecithin, the prototype immobilized artificial membrane. Infrared difference spectra of Nucleosil-lecithin minus Nucleosil-300 (7NH2) clearly showed amide I (1653.1 cm-1) and amide II (1550.9 cm-1) bands, giving direct spectroscopic evidence for the amide linkage. Spectral deconvolution resolved two peaks for the amide I band, and three peaks for the amide II band. This demonstrates lecithin interchain amide hydrogen bonding and/or hydrogen bonds between the lecithin amide link and unreacted silica surface amines. Nucleosil-lecithin as a solid phase mimics membranes and can be used to study the interactions of biomolecules with membranes. Our primary objective is to develop HPLC methods for studying the interaction between cell membranes and peptide sequences found near the interfaces of cell membranes. A frequency distribution of amino acids bracketing approximately 400 transmembrane peptide sequences showed Cys to be the least frequently occurring amino acid at this putative interfacial membrane region. Hydrophilic peptide analogs bearing Cys were used as model compounds to test Nucleosil-lecithin solid supports. Small peptides, six to eight amino acids in length, containing Cys bind approximately 2X tighter to Nucleosil-lecithin compared to identical peptides without the Cys residue. Thus, Cys at the interface of cells may stabilize protein-lipid interactions.