Julia P Felice1, Patricia A Cassano2, Kathleen M Rasmussen2. 1. Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY jpf99@cornell.edu. 2. Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Most American mothers who feed human milk (HM) now use pumps to produce some of the HM they feed. Pumping is nationally recommended, but associations between pumping and HM-feeding durations are unknown. OBJECTIVES: We examined whether and how the pumping frequency and types of reasons for pumping between 1.5 and 4.5 mo postpartum are associated with HM-feeding durations. We classified pumping reasons as nonelective [e.g., because of a difficulty feeding at the breast (FAB)] or elective (e.g., to produce HM to mix with solids). We hypothesized that women who pumped more frequently or nonelectively would have shorter HM-feeding durations. DESIGN: We used data from 1116 mothers in a longitudinal cohort who fed and pumped HM 1.5-4.5 mo postpartum. We used χ(2) and Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine the survival of any HM feeding, exclusive HM feeding, and FAB. RESULTS: Compared with mothers who pumped for elective reasons, mothers who reported one nonelective reason had greater hazards of stopping feeding any HM (HR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.21) or exclusive HM (HR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.20) and of stopping FAB (HR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.77, 2.42). Mothers who pumped most frequently had the highest mean hazards of stopping feeding any HM (HR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.68, 1.93) and feeding exclusive HM (HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.26). Hazards of stopping FAB varied across the year. Compared with the least-frequent pumpers, the most-frequent pumpers had a 2.6-fold higher hazard of stopping FAB at 3 mo postpartum and a 1.7-fold higher hazard at 6 mo postpartum. CONCLUSIONS: Nonelective pumping reasons and higher pumping frequency were associated with shorter HM-feeding durations. Mothers who report that they use a breast pump for reasons related to either employment or FAB difficulty and their infants may be more vulnerable to risks associated with a shorter HM-feeding duration.
BACKGROUND: Most American mothers who feed human milk (HM) now use pumps to produce some of the HM they feed. Pumping is nationally recommended, but associations between pumping and HM-feeding durations are unknown. OBJECTIVES: We examined whether and how the pumping frequency and types of reasons for pumping between 1.5 and 4.5 mo postpartum are associated with HM-feeding durations. We classified pumping reasons as nonelective [e.g., because of a difficulty feeding at the breast (FAB)] or elective (e.g., to produce HM to mix with solids). We hypothesized that women who pumped more frequently or nonelectively would have shorter HM-feeding durations. DESIGN: We used data from 1116 mothers in a longitudinal cohort who fed and pumped HM 1.5-4.5 mo postpartum. We used χ(2) and Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine the survival of any HM feeding, exclusive HM feeding, and FAB. RESULTS: Compared with mothers who pumped for elective reasons, mothers who reported one nonelective reason had greater hazards of stopping feeding any HM (HR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.21) or exclusive HM (HR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.20) and of stopping FAB (HR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.77, 2.42). Mothers who pumped most frequently had the highest mean hazards of stopping feeding any HM (HR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.68, 1.93) and feeding exclusive HM (HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.26). Hazards of stopping FAB varied across the year. Compared with the least-frequent pumpers, the most-frequent pumpers had a 2.6-fold higher hazard of stopping FAB at 3 mo postpartum and a 1.7-fold higher hazard at 6 mo postpartum. CONCLUSIONS: Nonelective pumping reasons and higher pumping frequency were associated with shorter HM-feeding durations. Mothers who report that they use a breast pump for reasons related to either employment or FAB difficulty and their infants may be more vulnerable to risks associated with a shorter HM-feeding duration.
Authors: M S Kramer; B Chalmers; E D Hodnett; Z Sevkovskaya; I Dzikovich; S Shapiro; J P Collet; I Vanilovich; I Mezen; T Ducruet; G Shishko; V Zubovich; D Mknuik; E Gluchanina; V Dombrovskiy; A Ustinovitch; T Kot; N Bogdanovich; L Ovchinikova; E Helsing Journal: JAMA Date: 2001 Jan 24-31 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Christopher G Owen; Richard M Martin; Peter H Whincup; George Davey Smith; Derek G Cook Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2005-05 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: Julia P Felice; Sheela R Geraghty; Caroline W Quaglieri; Rei Yamada; Adriana J Wong; Kathleen M Rasmussen Journal: Matern Child Nutr Date: 2017-01-12 Impact factor: 3.092
Authors: Alison Mildon; Jane Francis; Stacia Stewart; Bronwyn Underhill; Yi Man Ng; Christina Rousseau; Erica Di Ruggiero; Cindy-Lee Dennis; Alex Kiss; Deborah L O'Connor; Daniel W Sellen Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2022-06-08 Impact factor: 3.006
Authors: Yukiko Washio; Bradley N Collins; Alison Hunt-Johnson; Zugui Zhang; Gail Herrine; Matthew Hoffman; Linda Kilby; Donna Chapman; Lydia M Furman Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2020-06-16 Impact factor: 2.692