BACKGROUND: Controversies regarding infant feeding and childhood wheezing may result from insufficient differentiation among various feeding modes. OBJECTIVES: We conducted prospective analyses of associations between the repeated ascertainment of feeding mode and wheezing in infancy. METHODS: The Infant Feeding Practices Study II (2833 infants) provided data on coughing/wheezing episodes (CWEs) at 8 time points and feeding modes at 9 time points from months 1 to 12. Feeding modes were defined as direct breastfeeding, indirect breastfeeding (IBF, bottled breast milk), formula feeding (FF), and their combinations. In concurrent and delayed models using repeated measurements, the relative risks (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of different feeding modes for CWEs were estimated. In the delayed models, only infants without symptoms were considered at risk for consequent CWE. RESULTS: In a model with a 1-month delay, compared to direct breastfeeding, any other feeding mode showed a statistically significant risk for CWEs (IBF: RR = 1.69, 95% CI [1.05, 2.72]; FF: RR = 1.26, 95% CI [1.08, 1.47]; mixed breast feeding plus FF: RR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.01, 1.55]; and FF and direct breastfeeding: RR = 1.38, 95% CI [1.14, 1.68]). In a concurrent effect model, FF, the combination of FF and IBF, and mixed breastfeeding plus formula were risk factors (RR = 1.38, 95% CI [1.19, 1.59], RR = 1.83, 95% CI [1.27, 2.63], and RR=1.35, 95% CI [1.11, 1.65]; respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Any mode of feeding that includes formula or bottled breast milk seems to be a moderate risk for cough or wheezing episodes in the first 12 months of life.
BACKGROUND: Controversies regarding infant feeding and childhood wheezing may result from insufficient differentiation among various feeding modes. OBJECTIVES: We conducted prospective analyses of associations between the repeated ascertainment of feeding mode and wheezing in infancy. METHODS: The Infant Feeding Practices Study II (2833 infants) provided data on coughing/wheezing episodes (CWEs) at 8 time points and feeding modes at 9 time points from months 1 to 12. Feeding modes were defined as direct breastfeeding, indirect breastfeeding (IBF, bottled breast milk), formula feeding (FF), and their combinations. In concurrent and delayed models using repeated measurements, the relative risks (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of different feeding modes for CWEs were estimated. In the delayed models, only infants without symptoms were considered at risk for consequent CWE. RESULTS: In a model with a 1-month delay, compared to direct breastfeeding, any other feeding mode showed a statistically significant risk for CWEs (IBF: RR = 1.69, 95% CI [1.05, 2.72]; FF: RR = 1.26, 95% CI [1.08, 1.47]; mixed breast feeding plus FF: RR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.01, 1.55]; and FF and direct breastfeeding: RR = 1.38, 95% CI [1.14, 1.68]). In a concurrent effect model, FF, the combination of FF and IBF, and mixed breastfeeding plus formula were risk factors (RR = 1.38, 95% CI [1.19, 1.59], RR = 1.83, 95% CI [1.27, 2.63], and RR=1.35, 95% CI [1.11, 1.65]; respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Any mode of feeding that includes formula or bottled breast milk seems to be a moderate risk for cough or wheezing episodes in the first 12 months of life.
Authors: Julia P Felice; Sheela R Geraghty; Caroline W Quaglieri; Rei Yamada; Adriana J Wong; Kathleen M Rasmussen Journal: Matern Child Nutr Date: 2017-01-12 Impact factor: 3.092
Authors: Julia P Felice; Sheela R Geraghty; Caroline W Quaglieri; Rei Yamada; Adriana J Wong; Kathleen M Rasmussen Journal: Matern Child Nutr Date: 2017-01-12 Impact factor: 3.092
Authors: V Bion; G A Lockett; N Soto-Ramírez; H Zhang; C Venter; W Karmaus; J W Holloway; S H Arshad Journal: Allergy Date: 2016-01-21 Impact factor: 13.146
Authors: Kimberly D Gerhart; Debra A Stern; Stefano Guerra; Wayne J Morgan; Fernando D Martinez; Anne L Wright Journal: Thorax Date: 2018-05-21 Impact factor: 9.139
Authors: Sarah A Keim; Katie Smith; Taniqua Ingol; Rui Li; Kelly M Boone; Reena Oza-Frank Journal: Breastfeed Med Date: 2019-06-18 Impact factor: 1.817