Christina C Kao1, Julia L Cope2, Jean W Hsu3, Pratibha Dwarkanath4, Jeffrey M Karnes3, Ruth A Luna2, Emily B Hollister2, Minerva M Thame5, Anura V Kurpad4, Farook Jahoor6. 1. USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Department of Medicine. 2. Department of Pathology and Immunology, and Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; 3. USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics. 4. St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India; and. 5. Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University of West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica. 6. USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, fjahoor@bcm.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Indian women have slower arginine flux during pregnancy compared with American and Jamaican women. Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that becomes essential during periods of rapid lean tissue deposition. It is synthesized only from citrulline, a nondietary amino acid produced mainly in the gut. The gut is therefore a key site of arginine and citrulline metabolism, and gut microbiota may affect their metabolism. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify differences in the gut microbiota of nonpregnant American, Indian, and Jamaican women and characterize the relations between the gut microbiota, gut function, and citrulline and arginine metabolism. METHODS: Thirty healthy American, Indian, and Jamaican women (n = 10/group), aged 28.3 ± 0.8 y, were infused intravenously with [guanidino-15N2]arginine, [5,5-2H2]citrulline, and [15N2]ornithine and given oral [U-13C6]arginine in the fasting and postprandial states. Fecal bacterial communities were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS: In the fasting state, Indian women had lower citrulline flux than did American and Jamaican women [7.0 ± 0.4 compared with 9.1 ± 0.4 and 8.9 ± 0.2 μmol ⋅ kg fat-free mass (FFM)-1 ⋅ h-1, P = 0.01] and greater enteral arginine conversion to ornithine than did American women (1.4 ± 0.11 compared with 1.0 ± 0.08 μmol ⋅ kg FFM-1 ⋅ h-1, P = 0.04). They also had lower mannitol excretion than American and Jamaican women (154 ± 37.1 compared with 372 ± 51.8 and 410 ± 39.6 mg/6 h, P < 0.01). Three dominant stool community types characterized by increased abundances of the genera Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Bacteroides with Clostridium were identified. Indian women had increased mean relative abundances of Prevotella (42%) compared to American and Jamaican women (7% and < 1%, P = 0.03) which were associated with diet, impaired intestinal absorptive capacity, and arginine flux. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that dysregulated intestinal function and a unique gut microbiome may contribute to altered arginine metabolism in Indian women.
BACKGROUND: Indian women have slower arginine flux during pregnancy compared with American and Jamaican women. Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that becomes essential during periods of rapid lean tissue deposition. It is synthesized only from citrulline, a nondietary amino acid produced mainly in the gut. The gut is therefore a key site of arginine and citrulline metabolism, and gut microbiota may affect their metabolism. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify differences in the gut microbiota of nonpregnant American, Indian, and Jamaican women and characterize the relations between the gut microbiota, gut function, and citrulline and arginine metabolism. METHODS: Thirty healthy American, Indian, and Jamaican women (n = 10/group), aged 28.3 ± 0.8 y, were infused intravenously with [guanidino-15N2]arginine, [5,5-2H2]citrulline, and [15N2]ornithine and given oral [U-13C6]arginine in the fasting and postprandial states. Fecal bacterial communities were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS: In the fasting state, Indian women had lower citrulline flux than did American and Jamaican women [7.0 ± 0.4 compared with 9.1 ± 0.4 and 8.9 ± 0.2 μmol ⋅ kg fat-free mass (FFM)-1 ⋅ h-1, P = 0.01] and greater enteral arginine conversion to ornithine than did American women (1.4 ± 0.11 compared with 1.0 ± 0.08 μmol ⋅ kg FFM-1 ⋅ h-1, P = 0.04). They also had lower mannitol excretion than American and Jamaican women (154 ± 37.1 compared with 372 ± 51.8 and 410 ± 39.6 mg/6 h, P < 0.01). Three dominant stool community types characterized by increased abundances of the genera Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Bacteroides with Clostridium were identified. Indian women had increased mean relative abundances of Prevotella (42%) compared to American and Jamaican women (7% and < 1%, P = 0.03) which were associated with diet, impaired intestinal absorptive capacity, and arginine flux. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that dysregulated intestinal function and a unique gut microbiome may contribute to altered arginine metabolism in Indian women.
Authors: Samuel D Johnson; Omalla A Olwenyi; Namita Bhyravbhatla; Michellie Thurman; Kabita Pandey; Elizabeth A Klug; Morgan Johnston; Shetty Ravi Dyavar; Arpan Acharya; Anthony T Podany; Courtney V Fletcher; Mahesh Mohan; Kamal Singh; Siddappa N Byrareddy Journal: World J Gastroenterol Date: 2021-08-07 Impact factor: 5.742
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Authors: Leila B Giron; Harsh Dweep; Xiangfan Yin; Han Wang; Mohammad Damra; Aaron R Goldman; Nicole Gorman; Clovis S Palmer; Hsin-Yao Tang; Maliha W Shaikh; Christopher B Forsyth; Robert A Balk; Netanel F Zilberstein; Qin Liu; Andrew Kossenkov; Ali Keshavarzian; Alan Landay; Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2021-06-09 Impact factor: 7.561