Rebecca Kuriyan1, Saba Naqvi1, Kishor G Bhat1, Tinku Thomas2, Annamma Thomas3, Shirley George3, Sheela C Nagarajarao3, Harshpal Singh Sachdev4, Thomas Preston5, Anura V Kurpad6. 1. Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India. 2. Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India. 3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, India. 4. Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India. 5. Stable Isotope Biochemistry Laboratory, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom. 6. Department of Physiology, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The 2007 World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations University (WHO/FAO/UNU) recommendation for the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of additional protein during pregnancy for a gestational weight gain (GWG) of 12 kg (recalculated from a GWG of 13.8 kg) is 6.7 and 21.7 g/d in the second and the third trimester, respectively. This EAR is based on measurements of potassium accretion in high-income country (HIC) pregnant women. It is not known if low- to middle-income country, but well-nourished, pregnant women have comparable requirements. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to estimate total body potassium (TBK) accretion during pregnancy in Indian pregnant women, using a whole-body potassium counter (WBKC), to measure their additional protein EAR. METHODS: Well-nourished pregnant women (20-40 y, n = 38, middle socioeconomic stratum) were recruited in the first trimester of pregnancy. Anthropometric, dietary, and physical activity measurements, and measurements of TBK using a WBKC, were performed at each trimester and at birth. RESULTS: The mid-trimester weight gain was 2.7 kg and 8.0 kg in the second and the third trimester, respectively, for an average 37-wk GWG of 10.7 kg and a mean birth weight of 3.0 kg. Protein accretion was 2.7 and 5.7 g/d, for an EAR of 8.2 and 18.9 g/d in the second and the third trimester, respectively. The additional protein EAR, calculated for a GWG of 12 kg, was 9.1 and 21.2 g/d in the second and the third trimester, respectively. CONCLUSION: The additional protein requirements of well-nourished Indian pregnant women for a GWG of 12 kg in the second and third trimesters were similar to the recalculated 2007 WHO/FAO/UNU requirements for 12 kg.
BACKGROUND: The 2007 World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations University (WHO/FAO/UNU) recommendation for the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of additional protein during pregnancy for a gestational weight gain (GWG) of 12 kg (recalculated from a GWG of 13.8 kg) is 6.7 and 21.7 g/d in the second and the third trimester, respectively. This EAR is based on measurements of potassium accretion in high-income country (HIC) pregnant women. It is not known if low- to middle-income country, but well-nourished, pregnant women have comparable requirements. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to estimate total body potassium (TBK) accretion during pregnancy in Indian pregnant women, using a whole-body potassium counter (WBKC), to measure their additional protein EAR. METHODS: Well-nourished pregnant women (20-40 y, n = 38, middle socioeconomic stratum) were recruited in the first trimester of pregnancy. Anthropometric, dietary, and physical activity measurements, and measurements of TBK using a WBKC, were performed at each trimester and at birth. RESULTS: The mid-trimester weight gain was 2.7 kg and 8.0 kg in the second and the third trimester, respectively, for an average 37-wk GWG of 10.7 kg and a mean birth weight of 3.0 kg. Protein accretion was 2.7 and 5.7 g/d, for an EAR of 8.2 and 18.9 g/d in the second and the third trimester, respectively. The additional protein EAR, calculated for a GWG of 12 kg, was 9.1 and 21.2 g/d in the second and the third trimester, respectively. CONCLUSION: The additional protein requirements of well-nourished Indian pregnant women for a GWG of 12 kg in the second and third trimesters were similar to the recalculated 2007 WHO/FAO/UNU requirements for 12 kg.
Authors: Christina C Kao; Julia L Cope; Jean W Hsu; Pratibha Dwarkanath; Jeffrey M Karnes; Ruth A Luna; Emily B Hollister; Minerva M Thame; Anura V Kurpad; Farook Jahoor Journal: J Nutr Date: 2016-03-09 Impact factor: 4.798
Authors: S Muthayya; P Dwarkanath; T Thomas; S Ramprakash; R Mehra; A Mhaskar; R Mhaskar; A Thomas; S Bhat; M Vaz; A V Kurpad Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr Date: 2007-10-24 Impact factor: 4.016
Authors: Nancy F Butte; Kenneth J Ellis; William W Wong; Judy M Hopkinson; E O'Brian Smith Journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol Date: 2003-11 Impact factor: 8.661
Authors: ZiMian Wang; Marie-Pierre St-Onge; Beatriz Lecumberri; F Xavier Pi-Sunyer; Stanley Heshka; Jack Wang; Donald P Kotler; Dympna Gallagher; Lucian Wielopolski; Richard N Pierson; Steven B Heymsfield Journal: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Date: 2003-10-07 Impact factor: 4.310