| Literature DB >> 26932503 |
Anthony Zulli1, Renee M Smith1, Peter Kubatka2, Jan Novak3,4, Yoshio Uehara5, Hayley Loftus1, Tawar Qaradakhi1, Miroslav Pohanka6, Nazarii Kobyliak7, Angela Zagatina8, Jan Klimas9, Alan Hayes1, Giampiero La Rocca10,11, Miroslav Soucek3, Peter Kruzliak12.
Abstract
Caffeine is a most widely consumed physiological stimulant worldwide, which is consumed via natural sources, such as coffee and tea, and now marketed sources such as energy drinks and other dietary supplements. This wide use has led to concerns regarding the safety of caffeine and its proposed beneficial role in alertness, performance and energy expenditure and side effects in the cardiovascular system. The question remains "Which dose is safe?", as the population does not appear to adhere to the strict guidelines listed on caffeine consumption. Studies in humans and animal models yield controversial results, which can be explained by population, type and dose of caffeine and low statistical power. This review will focus on comprehensive and critical review of the current literature and provide an avenue for further study.Entities:
Keywords: Caffeine; Cardioprotective effects; Cardiovascular diseases; Clinical studies; Experimental studies; Pathogenesis
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Year: 2016 PMID： 26932503 DOI： 10.1007/s00394-016-1179-z
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Eur J Nutr ISSN： 1436-6207 Impact factor: 5.614