Chatchawan Rattanabannakit1,2,3, Shannon L Risacher4,2, Sujuan Gao5,2, Kathleen A Lane5,2, Steven A Brown5,2, Brenna C McDonald1,4,2, Frederick W Unverzagt6,2, Liana G Apostolova1,4,2, Andrew J Saykin1,4,6,2, Martin R Farlow1,2. 1. Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. 2. Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. 3. Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. 4. Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. 5. Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. 6. Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The perception of cognitive decline by individuals and those who know them well ("informants") has been inconsistently associated with objective cognitive performance, but strongly associated with depressive symptoms. OBJECTIVE: We investigated associations of self-report, informant-report, and discrepancy between self- and informant-report of cognitive decline obtained from the Cognitive Change Index (CCI) with cognitive test performance and self-reported depressive symptoms. METHODS: 267 participants with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or mild dementia were included from a cohort study and memory clinic. Association of test performance and self-rated depression (Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS) with CCI scores obtained from subjects (CCI-S), their informants (CCI-I), and discrepancy scores between subjects and informants (CCI-D; CCI-S minus CCI-I) were analyzed using correlation and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models. RESULTS: CCI-S and CCI-I scores showed high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha 0.96 and 0.98, respectively). Higher scores on CCI-S and CCI-I, and lower scores on the CCI-D, were associated with lower performance on various cognitive tests in both univariate and in ANCOVA models adjusted for age, gender, and education. Adjustment for GDS slightly weakened the relationships between CCI and test performance but most remained significant. CONCLUSION: Self- and informant-report of cognitive decline, as measured by the CCI, show moderately strong relationships with objective test performance independent of age, gender, education, and depressive symptoms. The CCI appears to be a valid cross-sectional measure of self and informant perception of cognitive decline across the continuum of functioning. Studies are needed to address the relationship of CCI scores to longitudinal outcome.
BACKGROUND: The perception of cognitive decline by individuals and those who know them well ("informants") has been inconsistently associated with objective cognitive performance, but strongly associated with depressive symptoms. OBJECTIVE: We investigated associations of self-report, informant-report, and discrepancy between self- and informant-report of cognitive decline obtained from the Cognitive Change Index (CCI) with cognitive test performance and self-reported depressive symptoms. METHODS: 267 participants with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or mild dementia were included from a cohort study and memory clinic. Association of test performance and self-rated depression (Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS) with CCI scores obtained from subjects (CCI-S), their informants (CCI-I), and discrepancy scores between subjects and informants (CCI-D; CCI-S minus CCI-I) were analyzed using correlation and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models. RESULTS:CCI-S and CCI-I scores showed high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha 0.96 and 0.98, respectively). Higher scores on CCI-S and CCI-I, and lower scores on the CCI-D, were associated with lower performance on various cognitive tests in both univariate and in ANCOVA models adjusted for age, gender, and education. Adjustment for GDS slightly weakened the relationships between CCI and test performance but most remained significant. CONCLUSION: Self- and informant-report of cognitive decline, as measured by the CCI, show moderately strong relationships with objective test performance independent of age, gender, education, and depressive symptoms. The CCI appears to be a valid cross-sectional measure of self and informant perception of cognitive decline across the continuum of functioning. Studies are needed to address the relationship of CCI scores to longitudinal outcome.
Authors: A J Saykin; H A Wishart; L A Rabin; R B Santulli; L A Flashman; J D West; T L McHugh; A C Mamourian Journal: Neurology Date: 2006-09-12 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: A Lynn Snow; Mark E Kunik; Victor A Molinari; Claudia A Orengo; Rachelle Doody; David P Graham; Margaret P Norris Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2005-03 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: Barry Reisberg; Leslie Prichep; Lisa Mosconi; E Roy John; Lidia Glodzik-Sobanska; Istvan Boksay; Isabel Monteiro; Carol Torossian; Alok Vedvyas; Nauman Ashraf; Imran A Jamil; Mony J de Leon Journal: Alzheimers Dement Date: 2008-01 Impact factor: 21.566
Authors: I G McKeith; D W Dickson; J Lowe; M Emre; J T O'Brien; H Feldman; J Cummings; J E Duda; C Lippa; E K Perry; D Aarsland; H Arai; C G Ballard; B Boeve; D J Burn; D Costa; T Del Ser; B Dubois; D Galasko; S Gauthier; C G Goetz; E Gomez-Tortosa; G Halliday; L A Hansen; J Hardy; T Iwatsubo; R N Kalaria; D Kaufer; R A Kenny; A Korczyn; K Kosaka; V M Y Lee; A Lees; I Litvan; E Londos; O L Lopez; S Minoshima; Y Mizuno; J A Molina; E B Mukaetova-Ladinska; F Pasquier; R H Perry; J B Schulz; J Q Trojanowski; M Yamada Journal: Neurology Date: 2005-10-19 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: Emily C Edmonds; Alexandra J Weigand; Kelsey R Thomas; Joel Eppig; Lisa Delano-Wood; Douglas R Galasko; David P Salmon; Mark W Bondi Journal: J Int Neuropsychol Soc Date: 2018-09 Impact factor: 2.892
Authors: Michael W Weiner; Dallas P Veitch; Paul S Aisen; Laurel A Beckett; Nigel J Cairns; Robert C Green; Danielle Harvey; Clifford R Jack; William Jagust; John C Morris; Ronald C Petersen; Andrew J Saykin; Leslie M Shaw; Arthur W Toga; John Q Trojanowski Journal: Alzheimers Dement Date: 2017-03-22 Impact factor: 21.566
Authors: Rosalinde E R Slot; Sietske A M Sikkes; Johannes Berkhof; Henry Brodaty; Rachel Buckley; Enrica Cavedo; Efthimios Dardiotis; Francoise Guillo-Benarous; Harald Hampel; Nicole A Kochan; Simone Lista; Tobias Luck; Paul Maruff; José Luis Molinuevo; Johannes Kornhuber; Barry Reisberg; Steffi G Riedel-Heller; Shannon L Risacher; Susanne Roehr; Perminder S Sachdev; Nikolaos Scarmeas; Philip Scheltens; Melanie B Shulman; Andrew J Saykin; Sander C J Verfaillie; Pieter Jelle Visser; Stephanie J B Vos; Michael Wagner; Steffen Wolfsgruber; Frank Jessen; Wiesje M van der Flier Journal: Alzheimers Dement Date: 2018-12-13 Impact factor: 21.566
Authors: Amanda N Szabo-Reed; Eric Vidoni; Ellen F Binder; Jeffrey Burns; C Munro Cullum; William P Gahan; Aditi Gupta; Linda S Hynan; Diana R Kerwin; Heidi Rossetti; Ann M Stowe; Wanpen Vongpatanasin; David C Zhu; Rong Zhang; Jeffrey N Keller Journal: Contemp Clin Trials Date: 2019-03-01 Impact factor: 2.226
Authors: Frank Jessen; Rebecca E Amariglio; Rachel F Buckley; Wiesje M van der Flier; Ying Han; José Luis Molinuevo; Laura Rabin; Dorene M Rentz; Octavio Rodriguez-Gomez; Andrew J Saykin; Sietske A M Sikkes; Colette M Smart; Steffen Wolfsgruber; Michael Wagner Journal: Lancet Neurol Date: 2020-01-17 Impact factor: 44.182