S Hwang1, Z T Nolan2, S F White3, W C Williams4, S Sinclair5, R J R Blair5. 1. University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha,NE,USA. 2. Penn State College of Medicine,MD/PhD Program,Hershey,PA,USA. 3. Boystown National Research Hospital,Boystown,NE,USA. 4. Department of Psychology,Stanford University,Stanford,CA,USA. 5. Department of Health and Human Services,Section on Affective Cognitive Neuroscience,National Institute of Mental Health,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,MD,USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To determine the functional integrity of the neural systems involved in emotional responding/regulation and response control/inhibition in youth (age 10-18 years) with disruptive behavioral disorders (DBDs: conduct disorder and/or oppositional defiant disorder) as a function of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. METHOD: Twenty-eight healthy youths and 35 youths with DBD [high CU (HCU), n = 18; low CU (LCU), n = 17] performed the fMRI Affective Stroop task. Participants viewed positive, neutral, and negative images under varying levels of cognitive load. A 3-way ANOVA (group×emotion by task) was conducted on the BOLD response data. RESULTS: Youth with DBD-HCU showed significantly less activation of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and amygdala in response to negative stimuli, compared to healthy youth and youth with DBD-LCU. vmPFC responsiveness was inversely related to CU symptoms in DBD. Youth with DBD-LCU showed decreased functional connectivity between amygdala and regions including inferior frontal gyrus in response to emotional stimuli. Youth with DBD (LCU and HCU) additionally showed decreased insula responsiveness to high load (incongruent trials) compared to healthy youth. Insula responsiveness was inversely related to ADHD symptoms in DBD. CONCLUSIONS: These data reveal two forms of pathophysiology in DBD. One associated with reduced amygdala and vmPFC responses to negative stimuli and related to increased CU traits. Another associated with reduced insula responses during high load task trials and related to ADHD symptoms. Appropriate treatment will need to be individualized according to the patient's specific pathophysiology.
BACKGROUND: To determine the functional integrity of the neural systems involved in emotional responding/regulation and response control/inhibition in youth (age 10-18 years) with disruptive behavioral disorders (DBDs: conduct disorder and/or oppositional defiant disorder) as a function of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. METHOD: Twenty-eight healthy youths and 35 youths with DBD [high CU (HCU), n = 18; low CU (LCU), n = 17] performed the fMRI Affective Stroop task. Participants viewed positive, neutral, and negative images under varying levels of cognitive load. A 3-way ANOVA (group×emotion by task) was conducted on the BOLD response data. RESULTS: Youth with DBD-HCU showed significantly less activation of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and amygdala in response to negative stimuli, compared to healthy youth and youth with DBD-LCU. vmPFC responsiveness was inversely related to CU symptoms in DBD. Youth with DBD-LCU showed decreased functional connectivity between amygdala and regions including inferior frontal gyrus in response to emotional stimuli. Youth with DBD (LCU and HCU) additionally showed decreased insula responsiveness to high load (incongruent trials) compared to healthy youth. Insula responsiveness was inversely related to ADHD symptoms in DBD. CONCLUSIONS: These data reveal two forms of pathophysiology in DBD. One associated with reduced amygdala and vmPFC responses to negative stimuli and related to increased CU traits. Another associated with reduced insula responses during high load task trials and related to ADHD symptoms. Appropriate treatment will need to be individualized according to the patient's specific pathophysiology.
Authors: H Critchley; E Daly; M Phillips; M Brammer; E Bullmore; S Williams; T Van Amelsvoort; D Robertson; A David; D Murphy Journal: Hum Brain Mapp Date: 2000-02 Impact factor: 5.038
Authors: Christopher J Patrick; Noah C Venables; James R Yancey; Brian M Hicks; Lindsay D Nelson; Mark D Kramer Journal: J Abnorm Psychol Date: 2013-08
Authors: Elizabeth C Finger; Abigail A Marsh; Derek G Mitchell; Marguerite E Reid; Courtney Sims; Salima Budhani; David S Kosson; Gang Chen; Kenneth E Towbin; Ellen Leibenluft; Daniel S Pine; James R Blair Journal: Arch Gen Psychiatry Date: 2008-05
Authors: Graeme Fairchild; Cindy C Hagan; Luca Passamonti; Nicholas D Walsh; Ian M Goodyer; Andrew J Calder Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2014-03-12 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Stuart F White; Laura C Thornton; Joseph Leshin; Roberta Clanton; Stephen Sinclair; Dionne Coker-Appiah; Harma Meffert; Soonjo Hwang; James R Blair Journal: J Abnorm Child Psychol Date: 2018-05
Authors: Sarah J Brislin; James R Yancey; Emily R Perkins; Isabella M Palumbo; Laura E Drislane; Randall T Salekin; Kostas A Fanti; Eva R Kimonis; Paul J Frick; R James R Blair; Christopher J Patrick Journal: Personal Disord Date: 2017-01-16
Authors: Xixi Jiang; Li Liu; Haifeng Ji; Ju Gao; Minmin Zhang; Yuncheng Zhu; Kaiyun Li; Weidong Ji; Guohai Li Journal: Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao Date: 2019-01-30
Authors: Joseph T Sakai; Manish S Dalwani; Susan K Mikulich-Gilbertson; Kristen Raymond; Shannon McWilliams; Jody Tanabe; Don Rojas; Michael Regner; Marie T Banich; Thomas J Crowley Journal: Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging Date: 2017-03-11 Impact factor: 2.376