Mélanie Bruneau1, Marie Grall-Bronnec1, Jean-Luc Vénisse1, Lucia Romo2, Marc Valleur3, David Magalon4, Mélina Fatséas5, Isabelle Chéreau-Boudet6, Amandine Luquiens7, Gaëlle Challet-Bouju1, Jean-Benoit Hardouin8. 1. BALANCED Clinical Investigation Unit ("BehaviorAL AddictioNs and ComplEx mood Disorders"), Department of Addictology and Psychiatry, University Hospital of Nantes, France; EA 4275 SPHERE "MethodS for Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth REsearch", University of Nantes, France. 2. EA 4430 CLIPSYD "CLInique PSYchanalyse Développement", University of Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, France; Louis Mourier Hospital of Colombes, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), France. 3. Marmottan Medical Center, GPS Perray-Vaucluse, Paris, France. 4. Department of Adult Psychiatry, Sainte-Marguerite University Hospital of Marseille, France. 5. Psychiatry Laboratory, Sanpsy CNRS USR 3413, University of Bordeaux and Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France. 6. Psychiatry Department, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, France. 7. Psychiatry and Addictology Department, Paul Brousse University Hospital of Villejuif, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), France. 8. EA 4275 SPHERE "MethodS for Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth REsearch", University of Nantes, France; Unit of Methodology and Biostatistics, University Hospital of Nantes, France.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this paper is to study transitions between two states of gambling in adulthood (problem gambling and non-problem gambling) and to identify factors that might influence these transitions. METHODS: Data for this 2-year long longitudinal study were collected in a French Outpatient Addiction Treatment Center, in gambling establishments and through the press. Both problem gamblers and non-problem gamblers were evaluated using a structured interview and self-report questionnaires. The statistical analysis was carried out using a Markovian approach. RESULTS: The analyzed cohort consisted of 304 gamblers with 519 observed transitions. Participants with no past-year gambling problems (based on the DSM-IV) had a probability of about 90% of also having no past-year gambling problems at the following assessment, whereas the observed percentage of problem gamblers transitioning to non-problem gambling was of 48%. We reported (i) vulnerability factors of transitioning to problem gambling (such as an anxiety disorder or an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) during the childhood), (ii) protective factors for non-problem gamblers, (iii) recovery factors (such as ongoing treatment and younger age) and (iv) persistence factors of a gambling problem (such as a persistent ADHD). CONCLUSIONS: The status of problem gambler is unstable over time, whereas we found stability among non-problem gamblers. Our findings suggest the existence of vulnerability and protective factors in gambling. These results lead to think about preventive actions and adaptive care, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or researching gambling problems in people with an anxiety disorder or ADHD.
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this paper is to study transitions between two states of gambling in adulthood (problem gambling and non-problem gambling) and to identify factors that might influence these transitions. METHODS: Data for this 2-year long longitudinal study were collected in a French Outpatient Addiction Treatment Center, in gambling establishments and through the press. Both problem gamblers and non-problem gamblers were evaluated using a structured interview and self-report questionnaires. The statistical analysis was carried out using a Markovian approach. RESULTS: The analyzed cohort consisted of 304 gamblers with 519 observed transitions. Participants with no past-year gambling problems (based on the DSM-IV) had a probability of about 90% of also having no past-year gambling problems at the following assessment, whereas the observed percentage of problem gamblers transitioning to non-problem gambling was of 48%. We reported (i) vulnerability factors of transitioning to problem gambling (such as an anxiety disorder or an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) during the childhood), (ii) protective factors for non-problem gamblers, (iii) recovery factors (such as ongoing treatment and younger age) and (iv) persistence factors of a gambling problem (such as a persistent ADHD). CONCLUSIONS: The status of problem gambler is unstable over time, whereas we found stability among non-problem gamblers. Our findings suggest the existence of vulnerability and protective factors in gambling. These results lead to think about preventive actions and adaptive care, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or researching gambling problems in people with an anxiety disorder or ADHD.
Authors: Michael C Robertson; Charles E Green; Yue Liao; Casey P Durand; Karen M Basen-Engquist Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2019-12-23 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Clayton H McClintock; Patrick D Worhunsky; Jiansong Xu; Iris M Balodis; Rajita Sinha; Lisa Miller; Marc N Potenza Journal: J Behav Addict Date: 2019-12-01 Impact factor: 6.756