Christian Hakulinen1, Laura Pulkki-Råback, Marko Elovainio, Laura D Kubzansky, Markus Jokela, Mirka Hintsanen, Markus Juonala, Mika Kivimäki, Kim Josefsson, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Mika Kähönen, Jorma Viikari, Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen, Olli T Raitakari. 1. From the IBS, Unit of Personality, Work, and Health Psychology (Hakulinen, Pulkki-Råback, Elovainio, Jokela, Hintsanen, Josefsson, Keltikangas-Järvinen) and Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies (Pulkki-Råback), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare (Elovainio), Helsinki, Finland; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (Kubzansky), Boston, Massachusetts; Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu (Hintsanen), Oulu, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (Juonala, Raitakari), University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (Kivimäki), University College London, London, UK; Department of Pediatrics (Hutri-Kähönen), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology (Kähönen), Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Department of Medicine (Viikari), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; and Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (Raitakari), Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Adverse experiences in childhood may influence cardiovascular risk in adulthood. We examined the prospective associations between types of psychosocial adversity and having multiple adversities (e.g., cumulative risk) with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and its progression among young adults. Higher cumulative risk score in childhood was expected to be associated with higher IMT and its progression. METHODS: Participants were 2265 men and women (age range, 24-39 years in 2001) from the ongoing Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study whose carotid IMTs were measured in 2001 and 2007. A cumulative psychosocial risk score, assessed at the study baseline in 1980, was derived from four separate aspects of the childhood environment that may impose risk (childhood stressful life events, parental health behavior family, socioeconomic status, and childhood emotional environment). RESULTS: The cumulative risk score was associated with higher IMT in 2007 (b = 0.004, standard error [SE] = 0.001, p < .001) and increased IMT progression from 2001 to 2007 (b = 0.003, SE = 0.001, p = .001). The associations were robust to adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and adulthood, including adulthood health behavior, adulthood socioeconomic status, and depressive symptoms. Among the individual childhood psychosocial risk categories, having more stressful life events was associated with higher IMT in 2001 (b = 0.007, SE = 0.003, p = .016) and poorer parental health behavior predicted higher IMT in 2007 (b = 0.004, SE = 0.002, p = .031) after adjustment for age, sex, and childhood cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Early life psychosocial environment influences cardiovascular risk later in life, and considering cumulative childhood risk factors may be more informative than individual factors in predicting progression of preclinical atherosclerosis in adulthood.
OBJECTIVE: Adverse experiences in childhood may influence cardiovascular risk in adulthood. We examined the prospective associations between types of psychosocial adversity and having multiple adversities (e.g., cumulative risk) with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and its progression among young adults. Higher cumulative risk score in childhood was expected to be associated with higher IMT and its progression. METHODS: Participants were 2265 men and women (age range, 24-39 years in 2001) from the ongoing Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study whose carotid IMTs were measured in 2001 and 2007. A cumulative psychosocial risk score, assessed at the study baseline in 1980, was derived from four separate aspects of the childhood environment that may impose risk (childhood stressful life events, parental health behavior family, socioeconomic status, and childhood emotional environment). RESULTS: The cumulative risk score was associated with higher IMT in 2007 (b = 0.004, standard error [SE] = 0.001, p < .001) and increased IMT progression from 2001 to 2007 (b = 0.003, SE = 0.001, p = .001). The associations were robust to adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and adulthood, including adulthood health behavior, adulthood socioeconomic status, and depressive symptoms. Among the individual childhood psychosocial risk categories, having more stressful life events was associated with higher IMT in 2001 (b = 0.007, SE = 0.003, p = .016) and poorer parental health behavior predicted higher IMT in 2007 (b = 0.004, SE = 0.002, p = .031) after adjustment for age, sex, and childhood cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Early life psychosocial environment influences cardiovascular risk later in life, and considering cumulative childhood risk factors may be more informative than individual factors in predicting progression of preclinical atherosclerosis in adulthood.
Authors: D Lamont; L Parker; M White; N Unwin; S M Bennett; M Cohen; D Richardson; H O Dickinson; A Adamson; K G Alberti; A W Craft Journal: BMJ Date: 2000-01-29
Authors: Laura Pulkki-Råback; Marko Elovainio; Christian Hakulinen; Jari Lipsanen; Mirka Hintsanen; Markus Jokela; Laura D Kubzansky; Taina Hintsa; Anna Serlachius; Tomi T Laitinen; Tomi Laitinen; Katja Pahkala; Vera Mikkilä; Jaakko Nevalainen; Nina Hutri-Kähönen; Markus Juonala; Jorma Viikari; Olli T Raitakari; Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen Journal: Circulation Date: 2015-01-12 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Thomas J Wang; Byung-Ho Nam; Ralph B D'Agostino; Philip A Wolf; Donald M Lloyd-Jones; Calum A MacRae; Peter W Wilson; Joseph F Polak; Christopher J O'Donnell Journal: Circulation Date: 2003-07-21 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Seana Gall; Quan Long Huynh; Costan G Magnussen; Markus Juonala; Jorma S A Viikari; Mika Kähönen; Terence Dwyer; Olli T Raitakari; Alison Venn Journal: Eur Heart J Date: 2014-03-04 Impact factor: 29.983
Authors: Christian Hakulinen; Roger T Webb; Carsten B Pedersen; Esben Agerbo; Pearl L H Mok Journal: JAMA Psychiatry Date: 2020-01-01 Impact factor: 21.596
Authors: Shakira F Suglia; Karestan C Koenen; Renée Boynton-Jarrett; Paul S Chan; Cari J Clark; Andrea Danese; Myles S Faith; Benjamin I Goldstein; Laura L Hayman; Carmen R Isasi; Charlotte A Pratt; Natalie Slopen; Jennifer A Sumner; Aslan Turer; Christy B Turer; Justin P Zachariah Journal: Circulation Date: 2017-12-18 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Marko Elovainio; Jussi Vahtera; Jaana Pentti; Christian Hakulinen; Laura Pulkki-Råback; Jari Lipsanen; Marianna Virtanen; Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen; Mika Kivimäki; Mika Kähönen; Jorma Viikari; Terho Lehtimäki; Olli Raitakari Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2020-07-01 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Jenalee R Doom; Brie M Reid; Emily Nagel; Sheila Gahagan; Ellen W Demerath; Julie C Lumeng Journal: Dev Psychobiol Date: 2020-09-09 Impact factor: 3.038