Seana Gall1, Quan Long Huynh2, Costan G Magnussen3, Markus Juonala4, Jorma S A Viikari4, Mika Kähönen5, Terence Dwyer6, Olli T Raitakari4, Alison Venn2. 1. Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Medical Science 2, Medical Science Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart TAS 7000, Australia seana.gall@utas.edu.au. 2. Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Medical Science 2, Medical Science Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart TAS 7000, Australia. 3. Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Medical Science 2, Medical Science Precinct, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart TAS 7000, Australia Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, Turku, Finland Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. 4. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, Turku, Finland Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. 5. Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, Turku, Finland. 6. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
Abstract
AIM: Recent evidence suggests that the exposure of children to their parents' smoking adversely effects endothelial function in adulthood. We investigated whether the association was also present with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) up to 25 years later. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study comprised participants from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS, n = 2401) and the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health (CDAH, n = 1375) study. Exposure to parental smoking (none, one, or both) was assessed at baseline by questionnaire. B-mode ultrasound of the carotid artery determined IMT in adulthood. Linear regression on a pooled dataset accounting for the hierarchical data and potential confounders including age, sex, parental education, participant smoking, education, and adult cardiovascular risk factors was conducted. Carotid IMT in adulthood was greater in those exposed to both parents smoking than in those whose parents did not smoke [adjusted marginal means: 0.647 mm ± 0.022 (mean ± SE) vs. 0.632 mm ± 0.021, P = 0.004]. Having both parents smoke was associated with vascular age 3.3 years greater at follow-up than having neither parent smoke. The effect was independent of participant smoking at baseline and follow-up and other confounders and was uniform across categories of age, sex, adult smoking status, and cohort. CONCLUSIONS: These results show the pervasive effect of exposure to parental smoking on children's vascular health up to 25 years later. There must be continued efforts to reduce smoking among adults to protect young people and to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease across the population. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
AIM: Recent evidence suggests that the exposure of children to their parents' smoking adversely effects endothelial function in adulthood. We investigated whether the association was also present with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) up to 25 years later. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study comprised participants from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS, n = 2401) and the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health (CDAH, n = 1375) study. Exposure to parental smoking (none, one, or both) was assessed at baseline by questionnaire. B-mode ultrasound of the carotid artery determined IMT in adulthood. Linear regression on a pooled dataset accounting for the hierarchical data and potential confounders including age, sex, parental education, participant smoking, education, and adult cardiovascular risk factors was conducted. Carotid IMT in adulthood was greater in those exposed to both parents smoking than in those whose parents did not smoke [adjusted marginal means: 0.647 mm ± 0.022 (mean ± SE) vs. 0.632 mm ± 0.021, P = 0.004]. Having both parents smoke was associated with vascular age 3.3 years greater at follow-up than having neither parent smoke. The effect was independent of participant smoking at baseline and follow-up and other confounders and was uniform across categories of age, sex, adult smoking status, and cohort. CONCLUSIONS: These results show the pervasive effect of exposure to parental smoking on children's vascular health up to 25 years later. There must be continued efforts to reduce smoking among adults to protect young people and to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease across the population. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
Authors: Maxwell Pistilli; Virginia J Howard; Monika M Safford; Brian K Lee; Gina S Lovasi; Mary Cushman; Angela M Malek; Leslie A McClure Journal: Ann Epidemiol Date: 2019-02-05 Impact factor: 3.797
Authors: Geetha Raghuveer; David A White; Laura L Hayman; Jessica G Woo; Juan Villafane; David Celermajer; Kenneth D Ward; Sarah D de Ferranti; Justin Zachariah Journal: Circulation Date: 2016-09-12 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Jennifer K Mann; Liza Lutzker; Stephanie M Holm; Helene G Margolis; Andreas M Neophytou; Ellen A Eisen; Sadie Costello; Tim Tyner; Nina Holland; Gwen Tindula; Mary Prunicki; Kari Nadeau; Elizabeth M Noth; Fred Lurmann; S Katharine Hammond; John R Balmes Journal: Environ Res Date: 2021-02-12 Impact factor: 6.498
Authors: Christian Hakulinen; Laura Pulkki-Råback; Marko Elovainio; Laura D Kubzansky; Markus Jokela; Mirka Hintsanen; Markus Juonala; Mika Kivimäki; Kim Josefsson; Nina Hutri-Kähönen; Mika Kähönen; Jorma Viikari; Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen; Olli T Raitakari Journal: Psychosom Med Date: 2016 Feb-Mar Impact factor: 4.312