Alejandro Gomez-Bruton1,2,3, Jesús Montero-Marín4,5, Alejandro González-Agüero1,2,3, Javier García-Campayo5,6,7, Luis A Moreno2,3,8, Jose A Casajús1,2,3, Germán Vicente-Rodríguez9,10,11. 1. Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001, Huesca, Spain. 2. GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain. 3. Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain. 4. Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Universidad de Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001, Huesca, Spain. 5. redIAPP Research Network, Zaragoza, Spain. 6. Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain. 7. Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, Spain. 8. Faculty of Health Science (FCS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. 9. Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001, Huesca, Spain. gervicen@unizar.es. 10. GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain. gervicen@unizar.es. 11. Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain. gervicen@unizar.es.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The effects of swimming on bone mineral density (BMD) have been studied by several researchers, with inconsistent results. AIM: This meta-analysis aims to determine whether systematic swimming training may influence BMD during childhood and adolescence. METHODS: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, SPORTDiscus and ClinicalTrials.gov from the earliest possible year to March 2015, with data extraction and quality assessment performed independently by two researchers following the PRISMA methodology. Swimmers were compared to sedentary controls and to athletes performing highly osteogenic sports. Therefore, a total of two meta-analyses were developed. RESULTS: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analyses. Swimmers presented similar BMD values to sedentary controls and lower than other high-impact athletes. Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD differences between swimmers and sedentary controls and between swimmers and athletes practicing osteogenic sports appeared to increase with age and favored the non-swimming groups. There were no differences by sex. CONCLUSION: While swimming is associated with several health benefits, it does not appear to be an effective sport for improving BMD. Swimmers might be in need of additional osteogenic exercises for increasing BMD values.
BACKGROUND: The effects of swimming on bone mineral density (BMD) have been studied by several researchers, with inconsistent results. AIM: This meta-analysis aims to determine whether systematic swimming training may influence BMD during childhood and adolescence. METHODS: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, SPORTDiscus and ClinicalTrials.gov from the earliest possible year to March 2015, with data extraction and quality assessment performed independently by two researchers following the PRISMA methodology. Swimmers were compared to sedentary controls and to athletes performing highly osteogenic sports. Therefore, a total of two meta-analyses were developed. RESULTS: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analyses. Swimmers presented similar BMD values to sedentary controls and lower than other high-impact athletes. Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD differences between swimmers and sedentary controls and between swimmers and athletes practicing osteogenic sports appeared to increase with age and favored the non-swimming groups. There were no differences by sex. CONCLUSION: While swimming is associated with several health benefits, it does not appear to be an effective sport for improving BMD. Swimmers might be in need of additional osteogenic exercises for increasing BMD values.
Authors: Béatrice Ferry; Eric Lespessailles; Pierre Rochcongar; Martine Duclos; Daniel Courteix Journal: Joint Bone Spine Date: 2012-03-09 Impact factor: 4.929
Authors: Luis Gracia-Marco; Juan P Rey-López; Alba M Santaliestra-Pasías; David Jiménez-Pavón; Ligia E Díaz; Luis A Moreno; German Vicente-Rodríguez Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2012-11-13 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: A Gómez-Bruton; A González-Agüero; A Gómez-Cabello; A Matute-Llorente; J A Casajús; G Vicente-Rodríguez Journal: Osteoporos Int Date: 2015-12-22 Impact factor: 4.507
Authors: A Gomez-Bruton; A Gonzalez-Aguero; A Matute-Llorente; G Lozano-Berges; A Gomez-Cabello; L A Moreno; J A Casajus; G Vicente-Rodríguez Journal: Osteoporos Int Date: 2019-02-07 Impact factor: 4.507
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