Zain A Al-Safi1, Huayu Liu1, Nichole E Carlson1, Justin Chosich1, Mary Harris1, Andrew P Bradford1, Celeste Robledo1, Robert H Eckel1, Alex J Polotsky1. 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., A.P.B., C.R., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (M.H.), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523; and Department of Medicine (R.H.E.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045.
Abstract
CONTEXT: Dietary omega-3 fatty acids delay ovarian aging and promote oocyte quality in mice. OBJECTIVE: To test whether dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) modulates reproductive hormones in reproductive-age women. DESIGN: Prospective interventional study. SETTING: Academic center. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen obese and 12 normal-weight (NW) eumenorrheic women, ages 28-34 years. INTERVENTION: Two frequent blood-sampling studies were performed before and after 1 month of omega-3 PUFA supplementation with 4 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum LH and FSH (basal and after GnRH stimulation). RESULTS: The ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA was significantly reduced in plasma and red blood cell components for both groups after treatment (both P < .01). Omega-3 PUFA supplementation resulted in reduction of FSH and FSH response to GnRH by 17% on average (P = .06 and P = .03, respectively) in NW but not obese women. Serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were reduced after omega-3 PUFA supplementation (-72% for IL-1β; -56% for TNF-α; both, P < .05) in obese but not in NW women. This reduction, however, was not associated with a hormonal change in obese women. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary administration with omega-3 PUFA decreased serum FSH levels in NW but not in obese women with normal ovarian reserve. This effect is intriguing and is directionally consistent with murine data whereby higher dietary omega-3 PUFA extends reproductive lifespan. Our results imply that this nutritional intervention should be tested in women with diminished ovarian reserve in an attempt to delay ovarian aging.
CONTEXT: Dietary omega-3fatty acids delay ovarian aging and promote oocyte quality in mice. OBJECTIVE: To test whether dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) modulates reproductive hormones in reproductive-age women. DESIGN: Prospective interventional study. SETTING: Academic center. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen obese and 12 normal-weight (NW) eumenorrheic women, ages 28-34 years. INTERVENTION: Two frequent blood-sampling studies were performed before and after 1 month of omega-3 PUFA supplementation with 4 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum LH and FSH (basal and after GnRH stimulation). RESULTS: The ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA was significantly reduced in plasma and red blood cell components for both groups after treatment (both P < .01). Omega-3 PUFA supplementation resulted in reduction of FSH and FSH response to GnRH by 17% on average (P = .06 and P = .03, respectively) in NW but not obesewomen. Serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were reduced after omega-3 PUFA supplementation (-72% for IL-1β; -56% for TNF-α; both, P < .05) in obese but not in NW women. This reduction, however, was not associated with a hormonal change in obesewomen. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary administration with omega-3 PUFA decreased serum FSH levels in NW but not in obesewomen with normal ovarian reserve. This effect is intriguing and is directionally consistent with murine data whereby higher dietary omega-3 PUFA extends reproductive lifespan. Our results imply that this nutritional intervention should be tested in women with diminished ovarian reserve in an attempt to delay ovarian aging.
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